Coinfection of hepatitis C (HCV) may compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection in people living with HIV/AIDs (PLWHA) receiving ART and associated factors. Patients were selected from HIV-1-infected patients enrolled in National HAART Cohort at Federal Medical Centre in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Following the manufacturer's instructions, medical assessments and anti-HCV antibody serology were obtained for analysis with an ELISA kit (Dia. Pro). A total of 4 of 104 PLWHA tested were anti-HCV antibody positive (4.0%). HIV/HCV coinfections were higher in age groups >41 years (4.4%), males (7.0%), CD4 counts 350-499 cells (7.1%) and PVL >1000 copies/ml (10.0%). CD4 counts and viral load were an indicator for HIV/HCV coinfections. Socio-demographic variables were not associated (p > 0.05) with HIV/HCV coinfection in univariate analysis; older PLWHA were more likely to be HCV-positive. Males were more prone to HIV/HCV coinfection than females. HIV status did seem to influence the predisposition to HCV infection, as an increase in susceptibility was observed with HIV-infected patients in Yenagoa, Nigeria. The high prevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection in PLWHA in Yenagoa receiving ART demands routine screening for viral hepatitis coinfection, intensive prevention of childhood HCV transmission, and modification of the management of HIV infection.

Infectious diseases continue to remain life-threatening and a significant public health problem globally. Patients with HIV frequently have concomitant HBV, HCV, and malaria infections; thus, this study was undertaken to describe the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and Malaria triple infection with HIV among patients presenting at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. In this study, 104 HIV-positive patients were recruited and evaluated for the presence of HBsAg, HCV and Plasmodium falciparum with HBsAg rapid strips, anti-HCV antibodies ELISA kit (Dia. Pro), and SD Bioline RDT, following the respective manufacturer's instructions. The triple infection rate was 1.0% for HIV/HBV/HCV/Plasmodium falciparum. Other co-infections were 1.9% for HIV/HCV/Plasmodium falciparum, 2.9% for HIV/HBV/Plasmodium falciparum and 1.9% for HIV/HBV/HCV, respectively. A higher HIV/HBV/HCV/Plasmodium falciparum triple infection occurred in the age group 21–40 years (2.0%), females (1.3%), being single (2.3%), tertiary education holders (2.4%), students (4.3%), CD4 counts > 500 cells/µl (4.0%) and viral load (VL) < 20 copies/ml (2.0%). Higher HIV/HBV/HCV triple infections occurred in the age group ≥ 41 years (2.2%), males (3.5%), being single (2.3%), tertiary education holders (4.8%) and students (4.3%), having CD4 count 350–499 Cells/µl (7.1%), viral load 20–999 copies/ml (2.1%) and being on TLD ART (1.9%). Higher HIV/HBV/MPF triple infections occurred in the age group 21–40 years (3.9%), males (3.5%), being married (3.6%), tertiary education holders (4.8%) and students (8.7%), having CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/µl (7.7%), viral load < 20 copies/ml (3.8%) and being on TLD ART (2.9%). Higher HIV/HCV/MPF triple infections occurred in the age group 21–40 years (3.9%), females (2.7%), being single (4.7%), tertiary education holders (4.8%) and students (8.7%), having CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/µl (4.0%), viral load < 20 copies/ml (2.0%) and being on TLD ART (1.9%). None of the sociodemographic and clinical variables was significantly associated (p > 0.05) with triple infections. The present study has further confirmed the low occurrence (1.0%) of HIV/HBV/Plasmodium falciparum among HIV-infected individuals in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Ages 21–40 years, females, being single, tertiary education holders and students were more prone to triple infections. The concurrency of HIV/HCV/HBV and Malaria exists in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended to perform routine screening of HIV-infected patients for simultaneous infection with HBV, HCV and Malaria.