No abstract

Background-Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is considered to be 1 of the cornerstones of diabetes self-management. It is unclear whether inadequate health literacy affects SMBG.

Delivery Policy of Nigeria. Legislation that works for all is important to help improve the health of the nation and to safeguard the care of all Nigerian people, today and for the future.OU, NM, SAL, and FV conceptualised and drafted the Comment. CA and TLS provided useful insight to finalise the Comment. TLS participated in the development of Mental Health Service Delivery Policy for Nigeria and is a member of the committee working on the National Mental Health Bill, currently in the legislative process to be passed into law by the Nigerian National Assembly. CA is a member of the Nigerian National Assembly. OU, NM, SAL, and FV declare no competing interests.

Background. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) often coexists with congestive heart failure (CHF) and can be masked by symptoms of CHF such as functional limitation (FL), a common manifestation for both. Therefore, we sought to estimate the prevalence of PAD and its independent association with FL in CHF. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2004 to quantify weighted prevalence of CHF and PAD. Study cohort consisted of 7513, with ankle brachial index (ABI) measurements at baseline. Independent association of PAD (ABI ≤ 0.9) with FL in CHF was determined with multivariate logistic regression (MVLR). Results. Overall weighted PAD prevalence was 5.2%. CHF was present in 305 participants, and the weighted prevalence of PAD in this subgroup was 19.2%. When compared, participants with CHF and PAD were more likely to be older (P < 0.001), hypertensive (P = 0.005) and hypercholesterolemic (P = 0.013) than participants with CHF alone. MVLR showed that PAD (adjusted OR = 5.15; 95% CI: 2.2, 12.05: P < 0.05) and arthritis (adjusted OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.10, 5.06: P < 0.05) were independently associated with FL in CHF. Conclusion. Independent association of PAD with FL suggests the need for reinforced screening for PAD in individuals with CHF.