Endometrial polyps are overgrowths of endometrial glands that typically protrude into the uterine cavity. Endometrial polyps are benign in nature and affect both reproductive age and postmenopausal women. Although endometrial polyps are relatively common and may be accompanied by abnormally heavy bleeding at menstruation. In asymptomatic women, endometrial polyps may regress spontaneously, in symptomatic women endometrial polyps can be treated safely and efficiently with hysteroscopic excision.

Objective:Endometrial polyps are localised growths of endometrial tissue containing glands, stroma and blood vessels, covered with epithelium. The reported prevalence of endometrial polyps is dependent upon the population being studied and the uterine imaging technique utilised. The light microscopy literature provides very little information regarding their microvasculature and lymphatic systems; however, a plethora of ultrasound data demonstrating single central arteries in most medium- or large-sized endometrial polyps are well documented.Methods:Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of endometrial curettings were retrieved from files for women with confirmed endometrial polyps (n = 20) and women with normal endometrium (control endometrium; n = 32). Immunohistochemistry was performed with the antibodies CD31 (blood vessels) and D2-40 (lymphatics). Blood vessels and lymphatics were quantified in endometrial polyps and adjacent, distant and control endometrium.Results:CD31 and D2-40 staining was present in all specimens, although there were no significant differences in blood vessel (F(3,70) = 2.36, p = 0.079) and lymphatic (F(3,70) = 0.16, p = 0.920) densities between endometrial polyps as well as adjacent, distant and control endometrium. There were also no significant differences in women with endometrial polyp-associated bleeding and those with no bleeding. In relation to infertility, there were no significant differences found in blood and lymphatic densities between women with endometrial polyps who were infertile and those with endometrial polyps who were fertile.Conclusion:Small blood vessel wall and perivascular structures rather than the distribution of vessels may be associated with abnormal bleeding.