This research investigates the consumer perceived risk and risk relievers in E-Shopping in Pakistan. Data were collected from 200 customers by using simple random technique and data is analyzed by using 7.0-Eviews statistical software. A structural questionnaire was developed for reliability an validity of Data. It was revealed that Internet shopper population and online consumer spending continues to increase, better understanding Pakistani online shoppers’ perceived risk and risk reduction strategies becomes particularly relevant. However, research in the Pakistani context is limited. The main aim of this paper to how consumer types are related to different perceived risk dimensions and risk reliever strategies on the Internet. It was further revealed that are consistent with previous studies, but it is interesting to note that certain findings are different. These differences might be explained by the specificity of the Pakistani Internet shopping environment and Pakistani culture
In order to capture the full fledge semantic of complicated product data model, the expressive language ALCNHR+K(D) is introduced. It cannot only be able to represent knowledge about concrete domain and constraints, but also rules in some sense of closed world semantic model hypothesis. Also the paper investigates an extension to description logic (DL) based knowledge reasoning by means of decomposing and rewriting complicated hybrid concepts into partitions. We present an approach that automatically decomposes the whole knowledge base into description logic compatible one and constraints solver one. Our arguments are two-fold. First, complex DLs with powerful representation ability lack effective reasoning ability. Second, we are concerned with how to reason effectively with the combination of inferences from distributed heterogeneous reasoner.
Abstract:After merger of Web Services and Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services (SWS) has received a lot of attention from researchers due to its ability of automatic Web Service discovery, execution and composition. Currently Web Service systems, which publish WSDL-described Web Services in UDDIs, cannot support SWS and UDDI has become the bottleneck of the whole system and would cause single node failure problems. Therefore, we propose a CAN-based P2P system to replace traditional UDDI, by distributing the functions of the UDDI among all the peers in the P2P network. At the same time, we design an ontology-based mechanism, guaranteeing every service would be registered on a specific peer in the CAN-based P2P network, according to the service's ontology. By replacing the UDDI, our system improves the scalability and stability of the SWS system, and realizes an efficient ontology-based discovery of Semantic Web Services.
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