Gelatinomyces siamensis gen. sp. nov., incertae sedis within Leotiomycetes, the Siamese jelly-ball, is described. The fungus was collected from bamboo culms and branches in Nam Nao National Park, Phetchabun, Thailand. It presents as a ping-pong ball-sized and golf ball-like gelatinous ascostroma. The asci have numerous ascospores, are thick-walled, and arise on discoid apothecia which are aggregated and clustered to form the spherical gelatinous structures. An hyphomycete asexual morph is morphologically somewhat phialophora-like, and produces red pigments. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis based on rRNA, SSU, and LSU gene sequences, the lineage is closest to Collophora
rubra. However, ITS sequences place the fungus on a well-separated branch from that fungus, and the morphological and ecological differences exclude it from Collophora.
Flowers on detached peach shoots and ripe fruit were inoculated under controlled conditions in order to estimate the competitive ability of Monilinia fructicola isolates sensitive and resistant to carbendazim and dicarboximide fungicides. Isolates varied considerably, but there was no consistent relationship between carbendazim resistance and competitive ability; there was, however, evidence of reduced competitive ability in the single dicarboximide‐resistant and the dual dicarboximide/high carbendazim‐resistant isolate examined. The ability to produce conidia on twig cankers inoculated in late spring 1989 was retained under field conditions by all sensitive and resistant isolates for at least 1 year. Dicarboximide‐resistant isolates produced fewer conidia than the carbendazim‐resistant and sensitive isolates on cankers. The production of conidia on mummified fruit inoculated in February 1990 decreased in the field during the winter and the following spring, but some conidia were produced by all isolates. Measures of pathogenicity, virulence and fitness for all isolates were similar to the original values after survival for 1 year. The evidence presented in this paper supports field observations that carbendazim‐resistant isolates are likely to persist permanently in the M. fructicola population, whereas dicarboximide‐resistant isolates are more likely to decline unless fungicide selection pressure is maintained.
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