Cloud computing is mainly used for storage service. The security issues such as privacy breach, malicious modification and loss of data make it more vulnerable whereas fog computing is a recent research tool which is trending to bring cloud computing services to network edges. Fog computing is been used as a storage employment in multiple clouds. To make the cloud storage more reliable, in this paper we have used AES and Base64 algorithm, where AES algorithm is faster and can encrypt data in blocks that is also suitable for image encryption. Base64 algorithm converts the binary encrypted data to a string. Many studies have proved the AES encryption is most secure method for data encryption. Also, we have implemented a special feature of splitting data and storing it on distinct cloud severs. This makes the proposed scheme more reliable for storage of data.
RATIONALE. Early and accurate diagnosis followed by timely treatment are the key prerequisites to fight tuberculosis (TB) and reduce its global burden. Despite scientific advances, the rapid and correct diagnosis of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains a challenge due to traditional reliance on detection of the elusive bacilli. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific host immune activation and cytokine production has shown significant promise as an alternative means of detecting and distinguishing active disease from latent infection.
OBJECTIVE. Phenotypic characteristics of Mtb-specific cytokine-producing immune cell subsets were investigated and queried for their diagnostic ability in identifying active tuberculosis.
METHODS. Subjects belonging to the following groups were recruited - pulmonary, extrapulmonary, latent TB, cured TB, sick controls and healthy controls. Polychromatic flow cytometry was used to identify host immune biomarkers in an exploratory cohort comprising 56 subjects using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clinical performance of the identified biomarker was evaluated using whole blood in a blinded validation cohort comprising 165 individuals.
FINDINGS. Frequencies of Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells of the phenotype CD38+CD27- clearly distinguished patients with active tuberculosis from individuals without the disease. CD38+CD27-CD4+ T cells secreting TNF-α upon stimulation with ESAT6/CFP10 peptides had the best diagnostic accuracy at a cut-off of 9.91% [exploratory: 96.67% specificity, 88.46% sensitivity; validation: 96.15% specificity, 90.16% sensitivity]. Additionally, this subset differentiated treatment-naive TB patients from individuals cured of TB following completion of anti-tuberculosis therapy.
INTERPRETATION. Mtb-specific CD38+CD27-TNF-α+CD4+ T cell subset is a robust biomarker for TB diagnosis and can determine cure.
Globally, cancer is emerging as a major public health problem. Monoclonal antibodies are extensively used for cancerous conditions at tertiary hospitals. Many of these are not easily available for patients seeking treatment from public sector. It is difficult for poor patients to afford these drugs on individual basis.The aim of our study is to calculate the prescribed daily dose of monoclonal antibody in cancerous conditions, to know the number of monoclonal antibody present in the essential drug list and to know the average total number of drugs prescribed in generic names. The average dose of the monoclonal antibody used is calculated and the common conditions for which it is used is tabulated and the drug usage is noted for both genders. The number monoclonal antibody present in the list of essential medicine of India and WHO is compared. The average total number of drugs prescribed in generic names is calculated.Average prescribed dose calculated was 382 mg for Trastuzumab, 455mg for rituximab. Only a few monoclonal antibodies were found in who essential drug. Only Trastuzumab and rituximab monoclonal antibody were found in the essential drug list of India. While, Trastuzumab is the most commonly (61%) prescribed drug in the generic form. The study concludes that Trastuzumab is the commonly used monoclonal antibody followed by Rituximab and Bevacizumab. Only Trastuzumab and rituximab were found in Indian essential drug list. Measures for Inclusion of other monoclonal anti bodies can be made by the policy decisions.
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