Background: Rabies is a viral zoonosis and human infection usually occurs following transdermal bite or scratch by an infected animal. It is one of the most dangerous and completely preventable diseases. Construction workers are vulnerable to animal bites. So, this study was undertaken to study the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding animal bite and rabies among construction workers.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in campus of MKCG medical college, Berhampur, Odisha, India. Data was collected by using pre-designed interview from 400 construction workers. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS V.17. Descriptive statistics and chi square test were applied. KAP score were calculated. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mean age group of study participants was 37.75±15.8, 72.5% were male and 27.5% were female. 84% of the participants had heard the word rabies. 65.75% among them had poor KAP score. KAP score was significantly associated with age, sex, education and residence.Conclusions: Construction workers had poor knowledge about animal bite and rabies. Their knowledge, attitude and practice with respect to prevention and treatment of rabies can be improved by providing proper health education.

Background: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is essential to ensure the health, growth and development of children. The objective of this study was to assess infant and young child feeding practice among mothers with 0-24 months children as per WHO criteria. Methods: It was a cross sectional study, involving mixed methodology (quantitative method supplemented by qualitative method in-depth interview) among 374 respondents from 1 st May 2017 to 31 st August 2017. Results: In quantitative method: 49 (81.6%) reported to have started breast feeding within first hour after delivery. 47 (78.3%) respondents exclusively breast fed their infants. In qualitative method: 69.78% mother were of age group 18-29 years. 52.14% respondents were educated up to primary/middle school. In multiple logistic regression analysis educational status of mother, occupational status of mother, birth place, ANC follow up, EBF education at ANC, type of delivery was found to be significant. Conclusions: IYCF practice was poor. Therefore, there is a need for emphasizing upon the promotion of IYCF practice by health care providers.

Background: Ocular morbidities in children can have a serious impact on development, education and quality of life in children hence require prompt attention. This study was conducted with an objective to determine the pattern of ocular morbidity in children less than 15 years of age presenting in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of MKCG Medical College, Berhampur.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2016 to January 2017 among 282 children. Data was collected by using a semi structured questionnaire after taking informed consent and analyzed.Results: Majority were in the age group of 10-14 years (55.3%). The common presenting symptoms were blurred vision (29.1%) and headache (7.8%). The common ocular morbidities reported were refractive error (34%), ocular infection (13.5%), ocular trauma (9.9%), allergic conjunctivitis (9.2%). Refractive error was more prevalent in children of aged 11-14 years and ocular trauma in 5-9 years compared to children of the other age group.Conclusions: Majority of ocular morbidities are preventable and treatable. So early attention through eye screening and intervention programme at the community level is recommended.

Introduction: In India, the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme provides a package of services to different groups of the target population. The Anganwadi Centre (AWC) is the focal point for delivery of these services. At AWCs, supplementary food is provided to children below six years, adolescent girls, pregnant women and lactating mothers. Aim: To assess the pattern of utilisation of supplementary nutrition by the beneficiaries and to explore the factors leading to non utilisation of supplementary nutrition. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from October 2016 to October 2018 in AWCs in Ganjam district, Odisha, India. Multistage random sampling was used to select the AWCs. By using table of random numbers, 24 AWCs were selected. From each AWC, 12 beneficiaries were selected randomly. So a total of 288 beneficiaries were selected. Out of 288 beneficiaries, 240 beneficiaries were eligible for supplementary nutrition. Rates and proportions were calculated. The Chi-square test was used for testing association between variables. Results: All the AWCs were providing supplementary food as per menu chart and were using standard measure for distribution of raw food. Supplementary food was consumed by 188 (78.3%) beneficiaries. The reason given by most of the respondents {28 (53.8%)} for non utilisation of supplementary nutrition was that they did not like the taste of the food. A statistically significant association was found between utilisation of supplementary nutrition and factors like education, socio-economic status and occupation of women. Conclusion: Although supplementary nutrition was provided by all the AWCs, it was not consumed by some beneficiaries due to lack of variety, taste and bad quality of food. The Take Home Ration (THR) was shared among the family members resulting in dilution of the service.

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Background: Currently, the health scenario is riddled with the burden of non-communicable diseases. Life style related risk factors established during adolescents may extend into adulthood and may increase risk for non-communicable diseases. So this study was undertaken to ascertain the association of life style related risk factors for Non communicable diseases and socio demographic characteristics among adolescents.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Berhampur, Odisha. A total of 400 school children were included in the study. Data was collected by pre-tested, structured, close-ended, self-administered questionnaires. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS V.17.Descriptive statistics, chi square test and logistic regression analysis test were applied.Results: Out of 400 students included in the study, 69.5% were males. The mean age of the study subject was 15.77 with S.D 2.81. On multiple regression analysis, it was found that male respondents parents job had strong association with unhealthy dietary practices and educational status of respondents had strongest association with passive smoking and addictions habits.Conclusions: The present study showed a poor practice of healthy lifestyle with a high burden of lifestyle‑related risk factors of NCDs among students. Therefore, the schools should emphasize on including topics related to leading of a healthy life style in the curriculum. Frequent campaigns and educational seminars can be conducted for the adoption of healthy lifestyle.

Background: Safe motherhood initiatives was a worldwide effort launched by WHO in 1987 with an aim to reduce the number of deaths of women associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Appropriate antenatal care (ANC) is one of the pillars of this initiative and an important component of reproductive and child health. The present study was conducted to assess the utilization of antenatal care services, its contributing factors and its impact on birth weight of new-born.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months at Ankuli, field practice area of urban health training centre, Department of Community Medicine. A total of 138 mothers (delivered within 2 years) were included by cluster sampling. Women who were sick and did not give consent were excluded from the study.  A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection and analysed in SPSS version 16. Chi-square test and bivariate logistic regression was applied at p value <0.05.Results: About 55.07% of mothers were in 25-34 years of age group, 47.82% had studied secondary education and 36.23% mothers belonged to lower middle-class socioeconomic status (SES). About 60.87% of mothers had availed antenatal services completely. Education of the participant and her husband, SES and family type were significant contributors of ANC service utilization. There was a significant association between complete ANC utilization and birth weight of the baby (p<0.05).Conclusions: The utilisation of the antenatal services was low among the mothers in our study which can be increased by proper IEC activities.

Background: The out-patient department of a hospital is for patients who do not require hospitalization but have come for their health needs, either for treatment or for diagnosis. The main objective of the study was to measure the satisfaction levels of the patients attending the OPDs of MKCG medical college.Methods: Data were collected from OPD patients through pre-structured questionnaires in the local languages at the OPD of MKCG Medical College. The data were analysed using SPSS.Results: Out of total 100 patients interviewed, 58 were males and 42 were females. 13% respondents were "highly unsatisfied" with the OPD services where as 65% were "unsatisfied", 15% were "satisfied" and only 7% "highly satisfied". 27% of the participants were from lower socio-economic status (SES), 70% were from middle class and the rest from upper class. 100% of those belonging to upper SES, 80% of middle SES and 70% of lower SES were highly unsatisfied or unsatisfied with OPD services. Most of the patients had come to attend the departments of Medicine (25%), Paediatrics (18%), Surgery (16%) and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (15%). 45% patients were visiting this facility for the first time. 11% of these new patients were Highly satisfied with the services while 31% of repeat patients were either satisfied or highly satisfied. The median waiting time between arrival and consultation was 1 hour. 84% participants had to incur out of pocket expenses. The mean amount spent was Rs. 350. 80% of those who had spent were of the opinion that they had to spend more than what was reasonable.Conclusions: Patient satisfaction was significantly associated with SES, repeat visits, and waiting time between arrival and consultation. Measures to reduce out of pocket expenditure and waiting time may increase satisfaction levels in patients.