Tropicalization is one of the major objectives in breeding haploid inducers to address the poor adaptation of temperate haploid inducers in doubled haploid production in tropical maize. Gaining a better understanding of weather profiles in targeted agroecology is important. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal variation of tropical savanna climate and its impact on agronomic traits and haploid induction rate (HIR) of Stock-6-derived haploid inducer lines. A total of 14 haploid inducers were evaluated across two typical growing seasons between 2020 and 2021. Weather data were collected on daily minimum and maximum temperatures, relative humidity, precipitation, and solar radiation whereas phenotypic data were recorded on plant phenology, tassel attributes, plant stature, ear components, inducer seed rate (ISR), and HIR. The effects of season, genotype, and genotype by season were significant for all traits except season factor on ISR. Seasonal variation existed where the dry season was more suitable for haploid induction and inducer maintenance, as haploid inducers revealed better agronomic performance and seed set, delayed flowering dates, and higher HIR. Since the crossover performance of haploid inducers over seasons was detected, further implications on genotype selection in each season are discussed.
The number of pods per unit area is an important component of pod yield of peanut. The goals of this study were to determine the relationships of (i) pod yield with number of pods per unit area and weight per pod and (ii) number of pods per unit area with crop growth rate (CGR) and duration during the different developmental stages. Fifteen peanut lines were tested at Khon Kaen University in Northeast Thailand during the 2002 and 2003 rainy and the 2003 and 2004 dry seasons. Data were recorded on developmental stages, biomass, pod yield, and yield components. The CGRs were calculated for different developmental periods. Results showed a positive linear relationship between pod yield and number of pods per unit area across genotypes and seasons (R2 = 0.69; P > F < 0.0001), but no relationship was observed between pod yield and weight per pod (R2 = 0.001; P > F = 0.85). A significant relationship between number of pods per unit area and CGR among the test genotypes was found only during the period from R6 to R7 (R2 = 0.44; P > F = 0.007), and the same relationship across seasons was significant (R2 = 0.45; P > F < 0.001) only during the period from planting to R4. These results indicate that number of pods per unit area is the major determinant for pod‐yield differences among peanut lines, and that the differences among lines for this trait are influenced by CGR during the period from R6 to R7.
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