Three new prenylated xanthones, mangostenones C (1), D (2), and E (3), together with 16 known xanthones 4-19, were isolated from the young fruit (7-week maturity stage) of Garcinia mangostana. The structural elucidation of the new compounds was mainly established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and HR-MS spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic properties against three human cancer cell lines, epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth (KB), breast cancer (BC-1), and small cell lung cancer (NCI-H187), with IC 50 values of 2.8, 3.53, and 3.72 m mg/ml, respectively. Among the isolates, a a-mangostin (12), the major metabolite, exhibited the most potent effects against the BC-1 cells with an IC 50 value of 0.92 m mg/ml, an activity greater than that of the standard drug ellipticine (IC 50 64.1؍ m mg/ml). Compound 12 also showed the highest activity against KB cells, while gartanin (10) displayed the strongest activity against the NCI-H187 cells at the respective IC 50 values of 2.08 m mg/ml and 1.08 m mg/ml.
Prenylated xanthones, isolated from the fruit hulls and the edible arils and seeds of Garcinia mangostana, were tested for their antituberculosis potential. Alpha- and beta-mangostins and garcinone B exhibited strong inhibitory effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25 microg/ml. Tri- and tetra-oxygenated xanthones with di-C5 units or with a C5 and a modified C5 groups are essential for high activities. Substitution in the A and C rings has been shown to modify the bioactivity of the compounds.
From the leaves of Macaranga tanarius, three new constituents, tanarifuranonol (1), tanariflavanone C (2), and tanariflavanone D (3), together with seven known compounds, were isolated and identified. Substances obtained in this investigation were evaluated against a panel of bioassays.
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