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Novel tricyclic thienopyrimidines (3,5,6,9,11,12) and triazole fused tetracyclic thienopyrimidines (4a-c, 10a-c) were synthesized from precursors 2-amino-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carbonitrile 1 and 2-amino-7-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothio-phene-3-carbonitrile 7 respectively. The corresponding precursors were prepared by employing the Gewald reaction. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral and analytical data. All the compounds were screened for their biological activities. Some of the compounds displayed promising antibacterial and antifungal activities.

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Disclosure of new molecular probes as chromogenic and fluorogenic cation sensors is scientifically exigent work. Recently chalcone derivatives gained more attention because of their structural variability. A suitable donor and acceptor groups separated by delocalized π-orbitals display excellent chromogenic and fluorogenic properties because of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). These designed molecular frameworks provide the coordination sites to the incoming metal ions results in small changes in the optical properties. In a typical sensing behavior, coordination leads to a large conjugation plane with the probe resulted in hypo/hyperchromic shifts or red/blue shifts. In this review, we tried to converge the reported chalcone-derived sensors and explored the design, synthesis, metal ion sensing mechanism, and practical application of the probes. We expect that this review gives a basic outline for researchers to explore the field of chalcone-based sensors further.