Fly Ash Cenospheres (FACs) are obtained from the coal power plants in the form of hollow spherical particles by burning the coal. FAC was started to use in early 1980-1985 as lightweight filler material in producing composites of cementitious and at present many researchers are focusing on use of FAC as filler in polymer and metals. In this paper, the systematic review on research activities and application of FAC in manufacturing light weight products are done. The FAC influence on the mechanical and physical properties of incorporated polymer and alloy based composites were summarized. Prospects of future for its use were also suggested and summarized in this paper.
In the present study, the thermal behavior of pure Al6061 and fly ash reinforced Al6061 with varying particulate sizes were investigated for the first time. Metal matrix syntactic foams of ceramic fly ash (4 – 16 wt. %) embedded in aluminum (Al6061) matrix have been fabricated by using stir casting technique with different fly ash particulate sizes of size below 50µm and 53µm-100µm, respectively. The microstructural characteristics were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been observed that there is a uniform distribution of lower particulate size fly ash as compared to higher particulate size in the aluminium matrix respectively. For all the cases, the accumulation of fly ash in Al6061 decreases the thermal conductivity and increases the specific heat carrying capacity of a hybrid composite. Increase in weight percentage of fly ash in Al6061 decreases thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity respectively.
Heat transfer augmentation in heat exchangers has been a key research area in recent times. Over the years, many methods were proposed for heat transfer enhancement such as providing fins, ribs, and twisted tape inserts, etc.In addition to the above-mentioned techniques, utilization of recycles was proposed by few authors and it was demonstrated that this method could effectively increase the heat transfer rate. Several theoretical research were conducted to investigate the effect of recycles on heat transfer rate. However, most of these works are limited to parallel flow heat exchangers and very few works are related to cross-flow heat exchangers. This method of augmentation of heat transfer can be extended to shell and tube heat exchangers as these kinds of heat exchangers are widely used in industries. There is a need to establish a theoretical model to study the thermo-hydraulic performance of shell and tube heat exchanger with recycling. The present work is aimed at developing a theoretical model and hence to do the parametric study on the performance of shell and tube heat exchanger with recycles.
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