Influenza H1N1 infection is a globally recognized epidemic and is known for several extra-pulmonary complications. Here, for the first time we report a case of a six-year old male child with severe H1N1 infection with acute kidney injury. The child was referred to our center with fever, chills, cough and cold for 2 days. Investigations revealed H1N1 infection with deranged LFT and RFT with anuria. Child was subjected to mechanical ventilation and received higher antibiotics in addition to oseltamivir. The child underwent 13 cycles of hemodialysis and renal profile normalized after a period of 35 days. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing extra-pulmonary complications of H1N1 infection in the pediatric population and the preparation required by healthcare practitioners to reduce the associated mortality.
Background and Aim:
pGALS (pediatric Gait Arms Legs Spine) is a useful screening tool in identifying musculoskeletal problems in children. Although musculoskeletal problems are common in children, only a small fraction of them have an underlying serious pathology. There is limited data on this subject from north India but none from south India. Our aim was to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in school going boys in the local community.
Methods:
We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study among school boys 7–17 years of age from September 2017 to July 2019, in Chennai. The parents or the boys were asked pGALS screening questions and this was followed by the extended pGALS examination including Beighton’s scoring for hypermobility. If abnormalities in the screening tool were found, the subjects were then referred to a pediatric rheumatologist for further evaluation.
Results:
A total of 1543 boys were included in this study. Of these 37% of the study group were found to be hypermobile. According to our study, the prevalence of growing pains was 4.6%. Of 2 boys with suspected pathology 1 boy had enthesitis-related arthritis and another had slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE). The estimated prevalence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was 65/100000. According to our study 12.3% of the children were obese.
Conclusion:
pGALS is a useful tool to screen for musculoskeletal problems in school going boys. The estimated prevalence of JIA was 65/100000. Of them, 37% of the children had hypermobility. Obese children were more likely to complain of musculoskeletal pain (P value 0.00).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.