Fiber grating sensors demonstrate great potential especially for the refractive index based sensing. However, a meticulous effort is still required to improve the sensitivity of fiber grating sensors towards water sensing. In this work, for the first time we have numerically investigated a plus shaped single grating within the core of optical fiber for water sensing applicaions. The primary objective of incoroporating the plus shaped grating within the core is to increase the sensitivity in comparison to existing grating sensors while increasing the analytes quantity. The testing of designed grating sensor model is done within the refractive index range from 1.33 to 1.39 with a remarkable wavelength shift of 65 nm. The analysis of proposed model of grating sensor is accomplished by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method under the contour of perfect matched layer (PML) as boundary conditions at the interface of core and grating. The attained results depicts the significant sensitivity of the proposed fiber grating sensor for water sample sensing.
The unique properties of optical fibers such as small size, immunity to electromagnetic radiation, high sensitivity with simpler sensing systems have found their applications from structural monitoring to biomedical sensing. The inclusion of optical transducers, integrated electronics and new immobilization methods, the optical fibers have been used in industrial process, environmental monitoring, food processing and clinical applications. Further, the optical fiber sensing research has also been extended to the area of detection of micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The validation of optical fibers in bio-sensing applications can be observed from the growing number of publications. This chapter provides a brief picture of optical fiber biosensors, their geometries including the necessary procedure for their development. This chapter could be a milestone for the young researchers to establish their laboratory.
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