IntroductionSeveral studies exhibited varying reports of perception toward vaccine effectiveness, vaccine hesitancy, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. As this fluctuated with evidence generation, this study explored the perception toward vaccine effectiveness in rural and urban communities among various countries.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted online from April to August 2021 using convenience sampling among people from different countries approved by the Asia Metropolitan University Medical Research and Ethics. We adapted the questionnaire from the World Health Organization's (WHO) survey tool and guidance on COVID-19. The logistic regression models were performed to show perception toward vaccine effectiveness.ResultsA total of 5,673 participants responded to the online survey. Overall, 64% of participants agreed that the vaccine effectively controlled viral spread, and 23% agreed that there was no need for vaccination if others were vaccinated. Males had 14% higher odds of believing that there was no need for vaccination. Less social media users had 39% higher odds of developing the belief that there is no need for vaccination than all other people vaccinated.ConclusionPeople's perceptions toward vaccine acceptance have fluctuated with the information flow in various social media and the severity of COVID-19 cases. Therefore, it is important that the current scenario of peoples' perception toward vaccine acceptance and determinants affecting the acceptance are explored to promote the vaccination approach against COVID-19 prevention and transmission effectively.

Background: Hospital Acquired infection may cause prolonged hospital stays, higher mortality, long- term disability, increased microbial drug resistance, and excess health-care costs. Recently HCAI has become a major issue in health- care safety that concerns the safety of patients and HCWs.The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding Hospital Acquired Infection and its prevention among B. Sc. Nursing first Year students. Methods:One group pretest posttest research design was used to find out the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding Hospital Acquired Infection and its prevention .In this study, 60 B. Sc. Nursing first year students who were studying in SGRR College of nursing Dehradun, India were enrolled. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. The data were analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive, inferential statistics was used to find out association between the knowledge and selected demographic variables. Results: Overall total Knowledge score showed that majority of B. Sc. Nursing first year students, 54 (90%) had inadequate knowledge, 6 (10%) of the students had adequate knowledge regarding HAI and its prevention and (mean +_SD) pre-test 12.70 +_3.993 as compare to post –test 16.95+_3.873. Conclusion: ICU, HCWS report suboptimal levels of HAI and its prevention adherence. This finding in high-risk areas is particularly concerning given that it likely over estimate actual practice. Improving HAI control will likely require closing knowledge gaps in hospital infection control practice. Keywords: Knowledge, Hospital Acquired infection, B. Sc. Nursing student

Background. Mental health problems can significantly impact a student’s academic performance, career, health, and future if they are not identified and managed in time. The poor mental health of young people is a global problem, including in Nepal. However, the scenario of perceived stress among adolescent students residing in academic hostels is not explored in Nepal. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of perceived stress with its associated predictors, experienced stressors, and coping mechanisms among adolescent students residing in private hostels in Nepal. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was employed among all adolescent students of grades six to ten who resided in eight school hostels in Nepal. A total of 209 students responded to self-administered validated questionnaires for perceived stress (PSS-10) and coping scales. Results. More than half (51.67%) of the students experienced symptoms of perceived stress. Strict discipline in the hostel (77.03%) and groupism based on religion (5.26%) were the most common and least common stressors experienced, respectively. One-third of the students ( n = 70 , 33.5%) very often felt confident about handling personal problems. The presence of a mischievous element and neglect from friends were significant stressors determined. Seeking social support was the most used coping strategy over externalizing behaviours such as using bad words, yelling, and shouting. Conclusion. The study confirmed the presence of perceived stress among students living in hostels, where hostel residential factors were the predominant predictors. As a minority of the students can properly manage their stress, it is necessary to provide students with the appropriate educational counselling to help them deal with potential obstacles. Additionally, monitoring, increased communication with family and friends, and improving the hostel environment can be important in addressing students’ perceived stress.

Mechanical ventilation refers to the use of life-support technology to perform the work of breathing for patients who are unable to do so with their own. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding Mechanical Ventilator among B.SC.(N) 3rd year students studying in SGRR College of Nursing , Patel Nagar, Dehradun Methods: The research design selected for this study was pre- experimental one group pre-test post- test design; 50 students of B.SC. (N) 3rd year of SGRR College of Nursing at Patel Nagar, Dehradun, were enrolled in the study by using a Non- probability convenient sampling technique .The data were analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study depicts that the findings related to pre-test level of knowledge of 84% of students have inadequate knowledge, after structured teaching programme , 70% students have moderate knowledge in their posttest about Mechanical ventilator. The mean pre – test knowledge score was 11.48 with standard deviation 4.001, after structured teaching mean post –test knowledge score increased to 21.16 and with standard deviation 2.713, It was significantly higher than mean pre – test level of knowledge score at 0.05 level of significantly. Conclusion: Finding of the study shows that the difference between pre- test and post – test score was statistically significant. Hence it can be concluded that there was an increase in the level of knowledge after structured teaching programme regarding Mechanical ventilator. Keywords: Effectiveness, Structured teaching programme, Knowledge, Students, Mechanical ventilator.