Introduction: Calcium and phosphorous are the two important minerals whose abnormalities are most ignored in the developing countries. The impact of calcium abnormalities ranges from abdominal pain, muscle spasms, psychiatric disorders to cardiac arrest. Other than the known regulators of calcium and phosphorous, thyroid hormones may affect the levels of calcium and phosphorous. The aim of our study is to estimate serum calcium, phosphorous and thyroid profile and to see the effect of thyroid hormones on serum calcium and phosphorous. Materials and Methods: 40 hyperthyroid and 40 hypothyroid patients were taken as cases. 40 healthy individuals were taken as controls. Thyroid profile, serum calcium and phosphorous were estimated in cases and controls. Serum calcium and phosphorous levels were compared with thyroid hormones among cases and controls. Correlation of thyroid hormones with serum calcium and phosphorous were done. Result: The mean serum calcium and phosphorous levels in hyperthyroid patients are 12.7±0.89 mg/dl and 5.1±0.68 mg/dl respectively which are increased (p value < 0.05) compared to controls. The mean serum calcium and phosphorous levels are 6.9 ± 0.93 mg/dl and 2.3 ± 1.1 mg/dl respectively in hypothyroid patients which are decreased (p value <0.05) compare to controls. Strong correlations of all thyroid hormones with serum calcium and phosphorous in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism is seen (p value <0.05). Conclusion:Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism may lead to hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia respectively, which are the cause of may disorders and disabilities. The concentration of serum calcium and phosphorous should be checked regularly in those patients.
Background: Pleural effusion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the space lies between the lung and chest wall i.e. pleural space 1 . In normal condition, pleural space contains a film of fluid (near about of 10 ml of fluid on each side) between the parietal and visceral pleural. This pleural fluid acts as a lubricant and allows the visceral pleural to slide along the parietal during respiratory movements. Aim of study: Role of various biochemical marker for the differential diagnosis of Exduative and Transudative pleural effusion.
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is the first of the "diseases of civilization" to appear. Its prevalence is escalating at an alarming rate. Environmental and behavioral changes brought about by economic development, modernization and urbanization has been linked to the rise in global obesity. Obesity may induce systemic oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The present scenario suggests that higher oxidative stress is the key factor of obesity and hence a management strategy aiming at control of lipid peroxidation in obesity by use of maize diet is envisaged.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> This study has been conducted on 1001 Gujarati and non Gujarati girls aged between 18-30 years. They were further distributed according to age, inhabitance, socio economic status, dietary habits, family history and blood pressure. Every subject in each group was asked to replace the wheat chapatti by maize chapatti for 30 days; the girls were examined for oxidative stress parameter MDA before and after maize diet along with the statistical evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There was a positive effect of maize diet on biochemical parameter of all the girls in all the subgroups Malondialdehyde level in total girls before the maize diet was 2.35 ± 0.76 nmol/ml which reduced to 1.8 ± 0.46 nmol/ml after the diet (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The oxidative stress showed improvement in normal, overweight and obese girls, most significantly on overweight and obese girls after taking the diet (P<0.001). Current dietetic practice is to recommend a healthy eating plan of reduced fat, and increased fiber intake.</p>
The present and future for cardiac biomarkers is exciting. In the near future, many of these biomarkers will provide important new insights into pathophysiology and aid in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular patients. Hence from the above study it is found that appropriate study of cardiac markers like Total CPK, CPK-MB, LDH, SGOT, cTn-T, cTn-I is significant for the study and evaluation of myocardial infarction. Males are at higher risk than female for cardiac disease and also from my study it is found that cTn -Tis the reliable markers. Troponin-T is the best cardiac marker for detection of Myocardial Infarction (MI).Significant elevation of CK-MB activity as compared to AST and LDH proves as single enzyme criteria for the early markers of AMI. The extent of myocardial infarction can be made by the magnitude of elevated serum enzyme levels.
Obesity is a condition where a person has accumulated so much body fat that it might have a negative
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