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. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is gasotransmitter which plays an important role in human physiology. In this study, we aimed to check the effect of H2S treatment on acute lung inflammation (ALI). Thirty-six adult male albino rats were used and divided into: control group, ALI group which was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, ALI group treated by the H2S donor; sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight i.p. and ALI group treated by i.p. injection of 80 mg/kg body weight DL- propargylglycine (PAG) which is an inhibitor of endogenous H2S synthesis. Serum was obtained to determine interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Lipid peroxides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured in lung. Lung histopathology and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also done. Results showed that NaHS improved lung inflammation through its inhibitory effect on iNOS expression, decreasing the levels of IL-6 and lipid peroxides and increasing TAC levels. But, ALI was exacerbated with PAG administration. In conclusion, the results proved that H2S has a protective effect against LPS induced ALI due to its anti-nitrative, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the important endocrine disorders affecting females in the reproductive age, is caused mainly by an abnormal oxidation status that subsequently causes inflammatory conditions. Thus, this study aims to examine the possible individual prophylactic effects of gasotransmitters, hemin, or L‐arginine in letrozole‐induced PCOS. Fifty adult female albino rats were used and separated into a control group, which received the vehicle; a letrozole‐induced PCOS group (L), which received letrozole orally at a dose level of 1 mg/kg for 21 days; a letrozole+hemin (L+H) group, which received letrozole plus hemin at a dose level of 25 mg/kg injected IP twice per week for 21 days; and a letrozole+L‐arginine (L+A) group, which received letrozole plus L‐arginine at a dose level of 200 mg/kg orally for 21 days. During PCO induction, the body weight and Lee index were measured. Serum glucose, insulin, lipid profile, gonadotrophic hormones, testosterone, estrogen, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were assayed, while ovarian tissues were analyzed to measure the oxidative state and histopathological changes. Our results proved that either hemin or L‐arginine administration could improve the oxidative state, the inflammatory reaction, the hormonal imbalance, and the metabolic disturbances in PCO rats, which was confirmed by a histopathological examination of the rats’ ovaries. In conclusion, either hemin or L‐arginine had protective effects against PCOS with better pathophysiological changes with hemin.

Zileuton is an active inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, it also inhibits leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) formation. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which renders it an attractive candidate for protection against peptic ulcer. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the protective property of this agent against indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric ulceration in diabetic rats. A total of 36 adult male albino rats were used in the study and divided into 6 groups (6 rats each) into the following groups: normal control group, diabetic control group, diabetic IND group (single intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg), diabetic IND/ omeprazole-treated group (40 mg/kg/day), diabetic IND/ zileuton-treated group (25mg/kg/day), diabetic IND/ omeprazole/ zileuton-treated group. The treated drugs were administered 14 days before pyloric ligation and IND administration to the diabetic rats. Zileuton pretreatment significantly attenuated the gastric mucosal lesions induced by IND administration, decreased the total gastric acidity, and pepsin activity with marked attenuation of the gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation and serum tumor necrosis factor alpha. In addition, zileuton pretreatment significantly increased the activity of both catalase and superoxide dismutase, gastric mucosal levels of nitric oxide and the concentration of mucin in gastric juice in comparison to the diabetic indomethacin-treated rats. Furthermore, zileuton pretreatment had antiapoptotic effect as evident by immunological study of caspase 3. In conclusion, zileuton can be considered a potential therapeutic agent to protect against the major clinical challenge of gastric injury in diabetic rats.

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Here, the study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract on infected rats with Blastocystis spp. Anti-protozoan activities were determined by monitoring Blastocystis spp. shedding in stools and histopathological changes of intestine of infected rats. Additionally, we evaluated the antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract on different groups through measuring the concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA). In this work, Punica granatum peel extract-treatment lowered the shedding of cysts very close to nitazoxanide (NTZ) treatment. These data were statistically significant P value ≤ 0.0001. Pomegranate peel extract was found to have the highest anti-lipid peroxidation effect, assessed by measuring MDA level. The inhibitory effect of pomegranate peel extract on lipid peroxidation was significant when compared to NTZ-treated group (P value ≤ 0.0003). As well, histolopathological examination of the intestine showing that Blastocystis spp. were often observed in the infected group without treatment either within the luminal material or at the tip of the epithelium compared to the infected treated groups. Pomegranate peel extract can be used as alternative therapy for blastocystosis and for developing novel anti Blastocystis drugs. Additionally, these results show clinical evidence that pomegranate peel extract has components act as powerful antioxidants.

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