Background and Objectives: To study the Depression and Anxiety in diagnosed esophageal reflux disease cases and to compare it with the age and sex matched controls Methods: Study conducted in the gastro-enterology unit of Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PostGraduate Institute, Indore. After taking an informed consent in their local language (Hindi), we recruited 100 patients with symptoms and endoscopic evidence of GERD along with 100 age and sex matched controls. Patients diagnosed to have GERD on the basis of either frequent complaints of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation for the last 3 months and the presence of endoscopic evidence of GERD. Following instruments were administered: A semi-structured socio-demographic pro-forma, Mini International Neuropsychiatric interview, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Results: The present study revealed that significantly higher number of GERD patients suffered from depression (46%) and anxiety (31%) as compared to their matched controls. Also, both HAM-D and HAM-A scores showed higher numbers of GERD patients to be having 'severe' or 'very severe' forms of psychological morbidity than the controls. Patients with GERD used tobacco, in smoking or chewing form, in significantly higher numbers than the controls, while alcohol users were underrepresented in both groups. Conclusion: In summary, among the 100 GERD cases 56 were found to have psychiatric morbidity in form of either anxiety or depression.
SummaryAims: To assess attitudes towards homosexuality among psychiatrists in India.Method: An informed consent form and a semi-structured proforma were sent online to 3348 psychiatrists across India. Multiple questions pertaining to age, gender, religion, type of practice, work area, and any discomfort in seeing homosexual patients and in referring patients to a homosexual colleague were sent to consenting psychiatrists. Afterwards participants were asked to complete the Heterosexual Attitude Towards Homosexuality (HATH) scale. The data thus obtained were statistically analyzed. Results:In all, 190 psychiatrists consented to the study and submitted completed forms. The mean age of the respondents was 42.9 ± 11.8 and the male/female ratio was 3.8. Most psychiatrists (n=105) reported that they see between 1 and 10 homosexual patients per year and 95.26% reported that they were comfortable doing so. Most (83.15%) were comfortable referring a patient to a homosexual colleague. The mean HATH score was 59.3 ± 4.6 and there was no significant difference across gender, age, work area and practice profile.Discussion: Attitudes towards homosexuality among psychiatrists in India appear to be neutral and do not vary across age, gender, work area and practice profile. Psychiatrists are mostly comfortable managing homosexual patients and referring patients to homosexual colleagues. homosexuality, attitude, psychiatrists, HATH, IndiaAcknowledgement:
IntroductionExploring the ways in which sexual fantasies may affect sexual experience and satisfaction is of relavence in the clinical setting involving sexual dysfuntion.ObjectivesTo observe how the sexual fantasy scores differ in their relationship with sexual satisfaction, experience and quality between sexual dysfunction cases and normal controls.MethodsScales included: Wilson’s sex fantasy questionnaire (WSFQ), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), Sexual Quality of life Questionnaire (SQoL), and a subjective sexual satisfaction meter. Differences in resposes of both groups on WSFQ (item-wise and domain-wise) were analysed using T-tests. Two-way ANOVA was applied to see how other scales affected sexual fantasy.ResultsCases scored significantly higher on ASEX scale, and low on satisfaction, SQoL and WSFQCases N=1OOControls N=100t-testSatisfaction Mean(sd)4.27(1.85)7.82(1.31)t=3.052;df=198,p=0.0026Asex17.52(4.73)8.28(1.34)t=15.24;df=198,p<0.0001SQoL29.41(12.12)49.5(6.67)t=14.52;df=198,p<0.0001WSFQ26.80(17.61)30.59(15.32)t=1.62,df=98,p=0.106Majority of WSFQ responses, both in cases and controls, fell in the intimate and impersonal domains. Sexual fantasy scores and sexual satisfaction had a strong positive and significant correlation in controls but no linear correlation in the case-subjects. sexual fantasy scores contributed to 5.7% of difference in the scores of SQoL between groups. Major variance in scores of satisfaction in our subjects depended on presence or absence of sexual dysfunction(46.5%)but sexual fantasies also contributed to 8.8% of the variance.ConclusionsThe study showed that fantasies contribute to positive sexual outcomes only in absence of sexual dysfunction. ANOVAanalysis revealed that in case-subjects sexual satisfaction briefly increases initially with increase in fantasy scores but starts to decline as fantasies increase.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Background and Objectives: Nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU) may be exposed to considerable stress. Gaps in research focusing on stress, burnout, social support and general health of nurses is evident within developing contexts like India. The study aim was to assess the level of and the relationship between (1) stress, (2) burnout, (3) social support, & (4) general health of nurses working in intensive care units. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at ICUs at tertiary care hospitals, Indore. The self report questionnaire consisted of a demographic questionnaire, The Multidimensional scale of Perceived Social Support, The Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, and lastly the General Health Questionnaire. 115 of 186 (62%) answered the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of study subjects was 27 years (SD=4.85; n=111). Out of the total 71 were males, with mean age of 27.7 years, and 40 females with the mean age of 26.25 years. Mean Burnout score of total study population was 30.27(SD=11.09; N=111). No significant difference in mean burnout scores of males and females was found (p=0.960; t=0.0502; df=110). One-way ANOVA was done taking Burnout as a factor with 3 levels: Higher mean GHQ-12 scores were seen in groups with higher burnout severity [F(2,108) =13.470; p<0.05]. GHQ-12 scores better predicted burn out than perceived stress and social support. But, people with high perceived stress had significantly lower social support mean scores [F (2,108) = 6.17;p=0.0017]. Correlation between stress and burnout was insignificant. Conclusion: GHQ-12 scores better predicted burnout in ICU staff. Staff with higher stress levels had poorer social-support.
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