This paper aims to obtain suitable control for the Standalone Photo Voltaic (SAPV) system to meet consumer demands in weather conditions. A SAPV system is developed with a solar array with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), a Boost converter, and an inverter. This system uses controllers for maximum power output tracking, constant DC output of the Boost converter, and constant output voltage and frequency with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control mode. MPPT, boost converter, and inverter controller parameters are designed and tuned, respectively. Proportional gain (Kp) and Integral gain (Ki) values and the Sliding Mode Method (SMC) tune the controller parameters. The innovative aspect of this work is to propose a standalone PV system with controllers based only on the sliding mode control approach. Moreover, the current controller provides an output current of high quality with a THD of 1.6 %. Effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme modeled and simulated under OPAL-RT real-time Software in Loop (SIL) platform with MATLAB Simulink under fast variations of irradiance and temperature. Various analyses have been carried out for examining the proposed Sliding Mode Controller-based standalone photovoltaic system.
Frequency deviation is a major concern in a power network due to the frequent load changes. The stand-alone hybrid microgrid is developed with wind/solar systems with MPPT techniques, and this system also faces frequency instability due to the source and load variations. PID controllers are used to mitigate the frequency deviation in the proposed stand-alone hybrid microgrid. The PID controller parameters are optimized using the Ziegler-Nichols method. The system is developed in MATLAB Simulink, and the proposed Ziegler-Nichols tuned PID controllers maintain the system frequency within the IEEE standards under both source and load variations.
The paper represents a hybrid power system consisting of solar, wind, and Battery sources. The intermittent characteristics of the power system manage the power balance among the generations and load demands. Under these conditions, the system faces high instability. It addresses well-structured PID controllers for the load frequency control in a standalone hybrid microgrid for this problem. The proposed PID controllers offer superior stability. Each Microgrid incorporates the self Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to validate the existing microgrids. The test bed has been validated in real-time in Software in Loop (SIL) depending on OPAL-RT 4500 tool.
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