Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique used to diagnose different types of swellings located in the head and neck region most commonly originating from cervical lymph node, thyroid, parotid and salivary glands. Aims: To assess the frequency of incidences of different sites, age groups, sex and distribution among inflammatory non neoplastic and neoplastic lesion. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between Jun 2011 to Jun 2012. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis was correlated with detail of relevant clinical data and investigations. Patients between the ages of 1 to 70 years were included in the study. A total of 450 patients with head and neck mass underwent FNAC. Results: Out of 450 fine needle aspiration procedures, 69% were of lymph node, 20% were thyroid, 06% from salivary gland, 06% from soft tissue and miscellaneous swellings. Conclusions: It is concluded that head and neck swellings are very common conditions in clinical practice. Our study found that FNAC is simple, quick, low cost and minimally invasive technique to diagnose different types of head and neck swellings. It could differentiate the infective process from neoplastic one and avoids unnecessary surgical intervention.
Introduction: FNAC of thyroid lesions is a simple, rapid, patient friendly and inexpensive procedure, which can be repeated in cases of inadequate samples. It has the best predictive value of all currently available diagnostic procedures. Along with FNAC, other diagnostic modalities such as thyroid scanning, ultrasonography, thyroid hormone and antibody level measurements enhance the diagnostic accuracy of the technique. Material and Methods: The present study was a prospective and interventional type of study done from January 2013 to December 2013. The study was undertaken in 50 patients to evaluate the cytology of the palpable thyroid lesions and compared them with histopathology to determine its diagnostic accuracy at Department of Pathology, Dhiraj general hospital, Piparia. Result: Among the non-neoplastic lesions, benign follicular lesion (51.16%) and colloid and nodular goitre was commonly encountered (41.86%). Hashimoto's thyroiditis was diagnosed in 3 cases (6.98%). Among the neoplastic lesions (14%), papillary carcinoma was the commonly encountered lesion (56.14%). Histopathological examination was confirmatory in all cases. Conclusion:The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC on palpable thyroid lesions with histopathologic correlation is 100%.
Background: Cervical malignancy is the major health burden in India. For detection in early stage, the screening test is PAP smear. To check the sensitivity and specificity of Bethesda system, the cytological findings have to be correlated with histology considering histopathology as gold standard. Objective: To study usefulness of cytology in detecting various cervical lesions, to evaluate and interpret the cases of epithelial lesions and correlation of cytological findings with subsequent follow-up histology sections. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of PAP smears in Dhiraj General Hospital in the period from May 2015 to September 2016. They were correlated with corresponding follow-up biopsies using revised 2001 Bethesda System. Analysis of different factors causing discrepancies was done. Results: The PAP smear has overall sensitivity of 86.04%, specificity 42.85%, positive predictive value 90.24 %, negative predictive value 33.33 % and accuracy 80% in detecting low/high grade lesions and malignancy.
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It can be preventable and diagnosed early with adequate and repetitive cytological screening by pap test. The conventional cervical cytological screening is the most common technique used throughout the world. Objective: To characterize the age and pattern of Pap smear abnormalities in a population of Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at tertiary care hospital of Gujarat India. All previously collected pap smear from 2011 -2014 was evaluated for cytological pattern and during this duration total 1100 pap smear was evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients with abnormal smears was 37.5 years. The mean parity was 4.34. There were 46 (4.18%) unsatisfactory smears and 1054(95.82%) adequate smears. Atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance(ASCUS), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were reported in 69 (6.54%), 111(10.53%), and 55 (5.21%) women respectively. Atypical glandular cell and squamous cell carcinoma were reported in 10 (0.94%) and 5 (0.47%) respectively Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of Pap smears screening for early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Pap smear testing is a very useful, simple, economical and safe tool to detect preinvasive cervical epithelial lesions. Hence, on a routine basis, every woman above the age of 30 must be subjected to Pap smear and this must be continued even in post-menopausal period as most of patients with epithelial abnormalities in our study falls in this group.
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