As natural wetlands are degrading worldwide, artificial wetlands can operate as a substitute to provide waterbirds with refuge, but they cannot replace natural wetlands. Reservoirs, one of the most common artificial wetlands in China, can be of great importance to waterbirds. Miyun reservoir in Beijing, China, has undergone a process similar to a natural lake being constructed in a reservoir. In this study, we surveyed waterbird community composition and evaluated the corresponding land cover and land use change with satellite and digital elevation model images of both before and after the water level change. The results showed that in all modelled scenarios, when the water level rises, agricultural lands suffer the greatest loss, with wetlands and forests following. The water level rise also caused a decrease in shallow water areas and a decline in the number and diversity of waterbird communities, as the components shifted from a shallow-water preferring group (waders, geese and dabbling ducks) to a deep-water preferring group (most diving ducks, gulls and terns). Miyun reservoir ceased to be an important waterbird habitat in China and is no longer an important stopover site for white-naped cranes. A similar process is likely to occur when a natural lake is constructed in a reservoir. Therefore, we suggest that policymakers consider the needs of waterbirds when constructing or managing reservoirs.
N/C–Zn3Nb2O8 with a compatible band structure and negative surface demonstrates enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity and stability in degradation of multiple pH-sensitive contaminants.
Platinum (Pt) nanoassemblies with different morphologies, such as nanospheres self-assembled by nanoparticles, multipolyhedral nanostructures built with octahedral nanocrystals, hollow nanospheres consisted of armed nanoparticles, and two dimensional array arranged by nanocubes, were synthesized in solvothermal approach. The concentration gradient of Pt monomers plays a key role in the architecture of the self-assembled nanostructures, which is attributed to the weak dissolution of Pt precursor in high-viscosity solvent. In consequence, the electrode prepared by hollow Pt nanospheres consisted of armed nanoparticles shows much higher performance in the process of methanol electrooxidation than that of others. Meanwhile, the electrodes prepared by these novel Pt nanoassemblies are revealed longterm durability for methanol electro-oxidation, compared to the electrode prepared by monodispersed Pt nanoparticles.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.