Combining regional growth model and integration of financial institution model, this paper evaluates whether intermediary development influences growth in Indonesia. Recent research has proved that not only banks development influence economic growth positively but also its exogenous components.However, there are several different assumptions during adopt this model in Indonesia. Especially regional approach is differing than national approach in growth model. The point is the existence of intermediary integration across region whit causes the economic agent move freely within a nation.The data show that integration of financial intermediation was not always associated with economic growth. Only four of twenty six provinces which proved strong influence of financial intermediation on economic growth. Labor condition and average annual wages are not exogenous variables which explain growth due to financial intermediation in Indonesia. At least during 1987-1998.
The factors that influence a program’s success determine targets as part of planning, resources, and communication. In contrast, previous research results suggest factors that influence farmers’ interest in agricultural insurance are income, risk results, program support, and regional characteristics. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of Farming Insurance (AUTP/Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi) by identifying the conformity and gap between the implementation of farming insurance from 2015 to 2017. Furthermore, based on regression using the panel fixed effect model, the result shows that the variable number of civil servants instructors and risk on the previous year negatively affects the realization of farming insurance distribution on the eight equation models. This shows that civil servants instructors’ performance is not yet optimal in supporting the implementation of farming insurance. The decline in civil servant’s instructor performance is due to the difficulty in measuring the accountability of the civil servant instructor’s performance. Therefore, accountability of the instructor’s performance in supporting the program’s implementation can be more measurable. As a recommendation, the government needs to start reviewing the Public-Private Partnership system to provide farming insurance to be implemented more broadly.
Paper ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa tingkat suku bunga kredit Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR), sesuatu yang menjadi perdebatan di lingkungan institusi di Indonesia, sebagai dampak proses liberalisasi keuangan yang memungkinkan bank untuk menetapkan suku bunga yang tinggi. Paper ini mempergunakan model mikro untuk mengelaborasi peran aktif bank, khususnya yang berskala kecil seperti BPR.Setelah tingkat suku bunga kredit diperoleh, dilakukan beberapa simulasi untuk melihat formasi tingkat suku bunga pinjaman optimal, dan cara terbaik menurunkan resiko dan besaran suku bunga tersebut. Data yang dipergunakan memiliki dua level agregasi yang berbeda, pertama, menempatkan bank BPR sebagai unit observasi dan kedua, penggabungan bank menurut region sebagai unit sampelnya. Hasil dari paper ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya pemahaman atas keuangan mikro di Indonesia dan kaitannya yang erat dengan manajemen moneter.JEL: D81, E43, E58, G21Keyword: lending rate, financial liberalization, micro model, risk, BPR
After the 2008 global financial crisis triggered by the subprime mortgage in the United States, financial services authorities in various countries increasingly realized that surveillance and regulation of financial institutions were not enough only through micro-prudential approach, which intended to maintain individual financial institutions, but required macro-prudential surveillance and regulation in maintaining financial system stability. The macroprudential policy aims to limit systemic risks occurring in financial distress conditions that lead to broader economic losses. One of the macro-prudential policy instruments applied by the financial services authorities in various countries, including Indonesia, is the Loan-to-Value ratio limitation. This countercyclical policy is intended to control the rate of growth in property credit. This paper discusses the effects of limiting the Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio by Bank Indonesia on the growth of bank property credit in Indonesia. Using ordinary least squares, the results of this study conclude that adopting a tightening LTV policy when economic growth high has a significant influence in holding back the pace of five months of property credit growth after the policy was issued. While the LTV policy’s implementation, which is loosening when economic growth is slowing down, has no significant effect in driving the pace of property credit growth.
The Indonesian palm oil industry has an important role in the national economy as a foreign exchange earner, a provider of employment and a source of household income. In developing the palm oil industry, Indonesia only emphasizes on CPO exports so that the added value obtained is still low. Domestic consumption of CPO is only about 30 percent, while the other 70 percent is exported. This study aims to analyze the impact of the government's downstream policy on CPO consumption in the downstream industry. The analysis technique used in this study is Fixed Effect Model on panel data from the downstream CPO industries with the 2000-2015 research year period. The results showed that the downstream policy and the export duty did not have a significant effect on CPO consumption. The number of companies and international CPO prices have a positive and significant effect, while the price gap and production output in the previous year have a significant negative effect on CPO consumption. Industries that have a significant influence in absorbing domestic CPO are the palm cooking oil industry, the pet food ration industry, the basic oleochemical and biodiesel industry, and the edible oil and vegetable fats industry. Meanwhile, the coconut cooking oil industry and the soap and cleaning industry did not have a significant effect. From the results of this study, it is suggested that downstream policies should be accompanied by accelerated in infrastructure development and adequate energy availability so as not to hamper production and smooth logistics.
Bintan Regency is regarded as a significant potential tourist destination. The tourism sector has already been developing quite rapidly there in recent years. This study examines its stages of tourism development based on Butler’s tourism area life cycle model. Identification of the stages was made by looking at the characteristics of various criteria: destination characteristics, marketing response, economic impacts, social impacts, and environmental impacts. The stage identification result shows that this district is in a “development” phase. Using this result, we generate a strategy for pushing Bintan Regency to the next stage in the TALC model. The AHP model was developed as a decision support system to determine a priority strategy based on experts’ assessment of tourism development in the Bintan district. From the analysis, we found that economic and social criteria have a more significant impact on the regency’s development. Meanwhile, security and safety improvements and quality of service improvements must become higher strategic priorities. They were also regarded as being the most important strategies to develop the tourist areas of the Bintan Regency during the “consolidation” stage.
<p>Government of Indonesia has allocated food sovereignty’s budget through the 2016 state budget (APBN) which places the cooperation of Ministry of Cooperatives and SME’s with Ministry of Agriculture, when developing the farmer cooperatives’ corporatization. Global food sovereignty is contested by: (1) civil society in which one of the actors is cooperatives, (2) the government which is part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN FAO), and (3) the global private sector which is part of the World Trade Organization (WTO).This paper analyzes Karya Nugraha Jaya Multipurpose Cooperative in Kuningan (KSU KNJ)’s partnership which supplies 90% of good quality raw milk from its members to PT Ultra Jaya Milk (54%) and Diamond Milk (36%), two business actors who has implemented the WTO’s and FAO’s Codex Alimentarius for the sake of fulfilling food safety standards for worldwide food trade. These international institutions forced to revoke the word ‘mandatory’ and the article on ‘sanctions’ from Indonesia’s Ministry of Agriculture’s regulation if business actors do not enter into partnerships with farmers & cooperatives. This study shows that KSU KNJ, which is one of 9,703 Indonesian agricultural cooperatives, is an aggregator of the milk produced by its members. A strategy is needed to increase the partnership of dairy cooperatives with private companies. The possible seven strategies are: (1) Wait and see first group; (2) Driving group; (3) Chain integration group, (4) Cooperation specialist group; (5) Free specialist group; (6) Diversification cooperation group; and (7) Free cooperation group.</p><p>Keywords: Food sovereignty, codex alimentarius, dairy, cooperatives, partnership</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong>KEMITRAAN KOPERASI DENGAN PERUSAHAAN SUSU BERDASARKAN </strong><strong>CODEX ALIMENTARIUS DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KEDAULATAN </strong><strong>PANGAN DI INDONESIA</strong></p><p>Pada tahun 2016 Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengalokasikan anggaran kedaulatan pangan melalui APBN yang memposisikan Kemenkop UKM harus bekerjasama dengan Kementerian Pertanian dalam mengembangkan korporatisasi koperasi petani. Kedaulatan pangan telah menjadi isu global karena diperebutkan oleh tiga aktor: (1) Masyarakat sipil yang mana salah satu aktornya adalah koperasi, (2) Pemerintah yang tergabung pada Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian PBB (UN FAO), dan (3) Swasta global yang tergabung dalam Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO). Tulisan ini menelaah dan menganalisis kemitraan pada Koperasi Serba Usaha Karya Nugraha Jaya (KSU KNJ) di Kuningan yang memasok 90% susu segar berkualitas dari para anggotanya ke PT Ultra Jaya Milk (54%) dan Diamond Milk (36%), dua pelaku usaha yang sudah menerapkan Codex Alimentarius versi WTO dan FAO demi memenuhi standar keamanan pangan untuk perdagangan dunia. Institusi internasional ini menjadi salah satu acuan bagi Indonesia dalam membuat Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No 33 tahun 2018 yang mencabut kata ‘wajib’ dan pasal ‘sanksi’ jika pelaku usaha tidak melakukan kemitraan dalam dua aturan sebelumnya. Hasil telaah dan analisis menunjukan KSU KNJ yang merupakan salah satu dari 9.703 koperasi pertanian Indonesia telah berperan sebagai agregator produksi susu anggotanya. Diperlukan strategi guna meningkatkan kemitraan koperasi susu dengan perusahaan swasta. Terdapat tujuh strategi tersebut mencakup: (1) Kelompok menunggu dan lihat-lihat dahulu; (2) Kelompok penggerak; (3) Kelompok pengintegrasi rantai, (4) Kelompok spesialis kerja sama; (5) Kelompok spesialis bebas; (6) Kelompok kerja sama diversifikasi; dan (7) Kelompok kerja sama bebas.</p><p>Kata kunci: Kedaulatan pangan, codex alimentarius, susu, koperasi, kemitraan</p>
Kebijakan moneter telah memainkan peranan yang penting dalam struktur perekonomian Indonesia, deregulasi moneter telah memberikan porsi yang lebih besar terhadap sektor moneter karena adanya efek perbankan yang sangat besar terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi.Teori standar makroekonomi menyatakan bahwa kebijakan moneter sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan kebijakan moneter memiliki efek yang merata secara nasional, hal ini dalam praktek seringkali tidak terjadi. Suatu negara pada umumnya memiliki daerah dengan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda sehingga efek kebijakan moneter tidak selalu seragam dan cenderung memiliki efek yang berbeda antar daerah.Hipotesis yang dikembangkan dalam tulisan ini adalah transmisi kebijakan moneter daerah dapat berbeda-beda dalam merespon kebijakan moneter tunggal dikarenakan oleh faktor spesifik daerah tersebut dan karena adanya faktor interaksi antar daerah. Tulisan ini membuktikan adanya efek yang berbeda antar daerah dan kebjakan moneter di Pulau Sumatera dan Jawa. Transmisi kebijakan moneter diukur dengan menggunakan metode VAR (Vector Auto Regression) dan dalam menganalisa faktor determinan transmisi moneter daerah dianalisa dengan metode cross section.
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