A novel naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c']bis([1,2,5]-thiadiazole)-based narrow-bandgap π-conjugated polymer is designed for application in polymer solar cells. Remarkable power conversion efficiencies over 10% can be achieved based on both conventional and inverted device architectures with thick photoactive layers, which are processed by using chlorinated or nonhalogenated solvents, suggesting its great promise toward practical applications based on high-throughput roll-to-roll processing.
IMPORTANCE The crtierion standard method for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) can result in complications and pain. Hence, noninvasive, repeatable methods would be valuable. OBJECTIVE To examine how ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) correlated with noninvasive and dynamically monitored ICP changes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The ONSD was measured before the lumbar puncture (LP) in 60 patients on admission. Patients with elevated ICP were divided into group 1 (200 < LP Յ 300 mm H 2 O) and group 2 (LP > 300 mm H 2 O). Patients underwent follow-up ONSD and LP measurements within 1 month. We analyzed the correlations between the ONSD and ICP on admission and between the changes in ONSD and ICP, which were the respective changes in ONSD and ICP from admission to follow-up. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The ultrasonographic ONSD and ICP were measured on admission and follow-up. The correlations between the ONSD and ICP on admission and between the changes in ONSD and ICP were analyzed using Pearson correlation analyses. RESULTS For 60 patients (Han nationality; mean [SD] age, 36.2 [12.04] years; 29 [48%] female) on admission, the ONSD and ICP values were strongly correlated, with an r of 0.798 (95% CI, 0.709-0.867; P < .001). Twenty-five patients with elevated ICP who completed the follow-up were included. The mean (SD) ONSD and ICP on admission were 4.50 (0.54) mm and 302.40 (54.26) mm H 2 O, respectively. The ONSD and ICP values obtained on admission were strongly correlated , with an r of 0.724 (95% CI, 0.470-0.876; P < .001). The mean (SD, range) changes in ICP and ONSD were 126.64 (52.51 mm H 2 O, 20-210 mm H 2 O) (95% CI, 106.24-146.07) and 1.00 (0.512 mm, 0.418-2.37 mm) (95% CI, 0.83-1.20), respectively. The change in ONSD was strongly correlated with the change in ICP, with an r of 0.702 (95% CI, 0.425-0.870; P < .001). The follow-up evaluations revealed that the elevated ICP and dilated ONSD had returned to normal, and no evidence of difference was found in the mean ONSDs between group 1 (3.49 mm; 95% CI, 3.34-3.62 mm) and group 2 (3.51 mm; 95% CI, 3.44-3.59 mm) (P = .778) at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The dilated ONSDs decreased along with the elevated ICP reduction. Ultrasonographic ONSD measurements may be a useful, noninvasive tool for dynamically evaluating ICP.
Perylene diimide (PDI) with high electron affinities are promising candidates for applications in polymer solar cells (PSCs). In addition, the strength of π‐deficient backbones and end‐groups in an n‐type self‐dopable system strongly affects the formed end‐group‐induced electronic interactions. Herein, a series of amine/ammonium functionalized PDIs with excellent alcohol solubility are synthesized and employed as electron transporting layers (ETLs) in PSCs. The electron transfer properties of the resulting PDIs are dramatically tuned by different end‐groups and π‐deficient backbones. Notably, electron transfer is observed directly in solution in self‐doped PDIs for the first time. A significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency of 10.06% is achieved, when applying the PDIs as ETLs in PTB7‐Th:PC71BM‐based PSCs. These results demonstrate the potential of n‐type organic semiconductors with stable n‐type doping capability and facile solution processibility for future applications of energy transition devices.
COVID-19 has become a public health emergency due to its rapid transmission. The appearance of pneumonia is one of the major clues for the diagnosis, progress and therapeutic evaluation. More and more literatures about imaging manifestations and related research have been reported. In order to know about the progress and prospective on imaging of COVID-19, this review focus on interpreting the CT findings, stating the potential pathological basis, proposing the challenge of patients with underlying diseases, differentiating with other diseases and suggesting the future research and clinical directions, which would be helpful for the radiologists in the clinical practice and research.
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