We have previously demonstrated that induction of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), in the absence of antiviral antibodies, can confer protection against a lethal-dose virus challenge. Here we extend those findings as follows. First, three discrete viral CTL epitopes expressed from minigenes encoding peptides as short as 12 amino acids can be recognized when expressed from recombinant vaccinia virus; second, concentrating on two of the three epitopes, we show that these vaccinia virus recombinants can confer protection in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner, third, the minigenes can be fused to generate a "string of beads," and the close proximity of the two epitopes within one oligopeptide does not disrupt recognition of either epitope; fourth, this string-of-beads vaccine, in contrast to the single epitope vaccines, can protect on both MHC backgrounds; and, fifth, CTL to different epitopes may act synergistically, as protection is improved when the vaccine contains more than one CTL epitope for a given MHC background.
Two new nontoxic α-CD based compounds were synthesized by different method, which contain different left-handed helix and exhibit efficient drug loading capacity and sustained release behaviors.
A series of remarkable crystalline compounds containing metallapillararene/metallacalixarene metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Ag(pyttz)·Cl·(HO)][HSiMoO]·3HO (1), [Ag(trz)][HSiMoO] (2), [Ag(trz)][HGeMoO] (3), and [Ag(trz)][HPWO] (4) (pyttz = 3-(pyrid-4-yl)-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolyl, trz = 1,2,4-triazole), have been obtained by using a simple one-step hydrothermal reaction of silver nitrate, pyttz for 1 and trz for 2-4, and Keggin type polyoxometalates (POMs). Crystal analysis reveals that Keggin POMs have been successfully incorporated in the windows of the metallapillararene/metallacalixarene MOFs in compounds 1-4. In addition, the Keggin silicomolybdenate-based hybrid compounds 1 and 2 were used as anode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), which exhibited promising electrochemical performance with the first discharge capacities of 1344 mAh g for 1 and 1452 mAh g for 2, and this stabilized at 520 mAh g for 1 and 570 mAh g for 2 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g. The performances are better than that of (NBu)[SiMoO] matrix and commercial graphite anodes.
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