Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with systemic inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the serum BDNF levels in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). From the outpatient clinic at the endocrinology department of our hospital, all patients with long-standing T2DM were recruited for this study between August 2014 and December 2014. Serum levels of BDNF were assayed with solid-phase sandwich ELISA, and the demographical and clinical data were evaluated on admission. Median serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared to control subjects (15.9 ng/mL (interquartile range (IQR), 12.6-19.8) VS. 24.6 ng/mL (IQR, 17.2-27.8); P < 0.0001). Serum BDNF levels were inversely correlated with fasting glucose (r = -0.394, P < 0.0001) and duration of illness (r = -0.272, P < 0.0001) in T2DM patients. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cutoff value of serum BDNF levels as an indicator for diagnosis of T2DM was projected to be 23.0 ng/mL, which yielded a sensitivity of 89.0 % and a specificity of 60.9 %, with the area under the curve at 0.794 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.747-0.841; P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for other significant factors, BDNF can be seen as an indicator of independent diabetes complications with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.84 (95 % CI, 0.75-0.89; P < 0.001) and obesity with an OR of 0.88 (95 % CI, 0.80-0.92; P < 0.001). Our study suggested that low levels of BDNF accompany impaired glucose metabolism. Importantly, we found that decreased BDNF were correlated with obesity and diabetes complications.

cancer cells use aerobic glycolysis to sustain their proliferation. long non-coding rna brain cytoplasmic rna 1 (BcYrn1) has been reported to act as an oncogene in non-small-cell lung cancer (nSclc). The present study investigated the role of BcYrn1 in nSclc glycolysis. BcYrn1 expression was detected in nSclc cells and tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative Pcr. The effect of BcYrn1 on aerobic glycolysis was examined by measuring nSclc cell glucose catabolism and lactate synthesis. The relationships between BcYrn1 and microrna (mir)-149, and between mir-149 and pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM2) were measured using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. cell proliferation and invasion were analyzed by the cell counting kit-8 assay and the Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. High BcYrn1 expression was observed in nSclc tissues and cells compared with the corresponding controls. BcYrn1 induced glycolysis and upregulated the expression levels of PKM2 in nSclc cells. in addition, BcYrn1 regulated mir-149 expression levels, and mir-149 inhibitor rescued the effects of si-BcYrn1 on glucose consumption and lactate production. miR-149 knockdown significantly enhanced the expression of PKM2. Furthermore, PKM2 inhibition significantly reversed the effects of mir-149 inhibitor on glucose catabolism and lactate synthesis. Furthermore, PKM2 was involved in nSclc cell proliferation and invasion, and BcYrn1 knockdown and mir-149 overexpression inhibited both processes. The present study suggested that BcYrn1 was involved in cell glycolysis, proliferation and invasion during nSclc via regulating mir-149 and PKM2.

HbA1c exhibits the same diagnostic value for diabetes in Eastern and Western populations. In both populations, HbA1c levels > 6.0% identify the population at high risk of diabetes, and HbA1c > 6.5% is diagnostic of clinically established diabetes.

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is considered to be a highly invasive and destructive agricultural pest due to its strong dispersal and adaptive capacity. Rapid development of insecticide resistance poses a serious threat to the sustainable control of this pest.Here, the resistance mechanisms and invasion pathways of this fly are outlined for a better understanding of the resistancegene flow pattern and invasion routes. We believe this microreview will provide a glimpse of the native regions, spread and management of resistance, and guide future work on these important topics.

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease in which pancreatic beta cells are killed by the infiltrating immune cells as well as the cytokines released by these cells. Many studies indicate that inflammatory mediators have an essential role in this disease. In the present study, we profiled the transcriptome in human islets of langerhans under control conditions or following exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokines based on the RNA sequencing dataset downloaded from SRA database. After filtered the low-quality ones, the RNA readers was aligned to human genome hg19 by TopHat and then assembled by Cufflinks. The expression value of each transcript was calculated and consequently differentially expressed genes were screened out. Finally, a total of 63 differentially expressed genes were identified including 60 up-regulated and three down-regulated genes. GBP5 and CXCL9 stood out as the top two most up-regulated genes in cytokines treated samples with the log2 fold change of 12.208 and 10.901, respectively. Meanwhile, PTF1A and REG3G were identified as the top two most down-regulated genes with the log2 fold change of -3.759 and -3.606, respectively. Of note, we also found 262 lncRNAs (long non-coding RNA), 177 of which were inferred as novel lncRNAs. Further in-depth follow-up analysis of the transcriptional regulation reported in this study may shed light on the specific function of these lncRNA.

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Gomphidius albipes, a new species of Gomphidiaceae from the Greater Khingan Mountains, northeastern China, is described using morphological and phylogenetic data. It is morphologically similar to G. maculatus based on the orange pileus and thick gills but can be easily distinguished by the smooth stipe apex. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region rDNA data clearly supports G. albipes as a distinct taxon in the genus Gomphidius. The original biotope photographs, illustrations of microscopic characters and a phylogenetic tree of Gomphidius are provided.

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