In this study, two different biomaterials were fabricated and their potential use as a bilayer scaffold for skin tissue engineering applications was assessed. The upper layer biomaterial was a Poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)/Poloxamer (PLCL/Poloxamer) nanofiber membrane fabricated using electrospinning technology. The PLCL/Poloxamer nanofibers (PLCL/Poloxamer, 9/1) exhibited strong mechanical properties (stress/strain values of 9.37±0.38 MPa/187.43±10.66%) and good biocompatibility to support adipose-derived stem cells proliferation. The lower layer biomaterial was a hydrogel composed of 10% dextran and 20% gelatin without the addition of a chemical crosslinking agent. The 5/5 dextran/gelatin hydrogel displayed high swelling property, good compressive strength, capacity to present more than 3 weeks and was able to support cells proliferation. A bilayer scaffold was fabricated using these two materials by underlaying the nanofibers and casting hydrogel to mimic the structure and biological function of native skin tissue. The upper layer membrane provided mechanical support in the scaffold and the lower layer hydrogel provided adequate space to allow cells to proliferate and generate extracellular matrix. The biocompatibility of bilayer scaffold was preliminarily investigated to assess the potential cytotoxicity. The results show that cell viability had not been affected when cocultured with bilayer scaffold. As a consequence, the bilayer scaffold composed of PLCL/Poloxamer nanofibers and dextran/gelatin hydrogels is biocompatible and possesses its potentially high application prospect in the field of skin tissue engineering.
BackgroundElectrospinning is an easy and effective technique to produce submicron fibers possessing a range of attractive characteristics such as interconnected porous structures similar to natural ECM and good resilience to movement. Rapid and efficient cell attachment to nanofibrous matrices is a necessary prerequisite in tissue engineering. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)/Pluronic (PLCL/Pluronic) nanofibrous matrices with avidin-biotin technology for improving cell adhesion for the first time.ResultsPLCL/Pluronic nanofibers had relatively homogeneous fibers and interconnected porous structures. Pluronic significantly modified the hydrophilicity of nanofibrous matrices and PLCL/Pluronic nanofibrous matrices had better performance on maintaining cell proliferation. Avidin-biotin technology had no negative effect on the hydrophilic property, mechanical property and cell proliferation. Meanwhile, the attachment and spreading of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) onto PLCL/Pluronic nanofibrous matrices with avidin-biotin technology was promoted obviously.ConclusionsPLCL/Pluronic nanofibrous matrices inheriting the excellent characteristics of both PLCL and Pluronic have the better cell adhesion ability through avidin-biotin technology, implying a promising application in skin care, tissue regeneration and other related area.
For skin tissue engineering, an ideal scaffold should mimic the natural extracellular matrix of the native skin. In this study, we reported a novel elastic sub-micron fiber scaffold blending poly (e-caprolactone-co-lactide) (PLCL) and Pluronic at different ratios by electrospinning. PLCL and Pluronic were co-electrospun with the ratio of 100/0, 99/1, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, and 75/25. These scaffolds were evaluated in terms of fiber morphology, mechanical properties, and hydrophilicity for the purpose of culturing adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Cell attachment and proliferation on the scaffolds were also evaluated to demonstrate the potential of serving as a skin graft. The results indicated that all of the electrospun fibers possessed smooth surface textures and interconnected porous structures with the average diameter ranging from approximately 750-1140 nm. The higher tensile strength was observed in 95/5 and 90/10 PLCL/Pluronic blended membranes, while further incorporation of Pluronic almost has no effect on tensile strength. The water contact angle was 85°for scaffold with the ratio of 99/1, while 0°for 90/10, 85/15, and 75/25. In addition, the elevation of Pluronic content in composition resulted in a corresponding increase in swelling behavior. Compared with PLCL, the better cell adhesion and proliferation potential of ADSCs was exhibited on all PLCL/Pluronic blended scaffolds. ADSCs on the blended scaffolds were highly elongated and well integrated with the surrounding fibers, indicating the good cytocompatibility of PLCL/Pluronic scaffolds. Thus, these blended scaffolds have the potentially high application prospect in the field of skin tissue engineering.
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