Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, polar flagellated, designated strains SM2066T and SM1966T, were respectively isolated from the surfaces of Colpomenia sinuosa and Ulva pertusa macroalgae collected off the coastal areas of Rongcheng, PR China. Strain SM2066T grew at 8–37 °C and with 0.5–7.0 % (w/v) NaCl, while strain SM1966T grew at 5–30 °C and with 0.5–8.5% (w/v) NaCl. Both of them reduced nitrate to nitrite and required Na+ for growth but neither of them hydrolysed starch and DNA. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and single-copy orthologous cluster sequences revealed that both strains SM2066T and SM1966T were affiliated with the genus
Marinomonas
but formed distinct phylogenetic branches from known
Marinomonas
species, respectively sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of
Marinomonas ushuaiensis
(97.9 %) and
Marinomonas blandensis
(96.7 %). The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strains SM2066T and SM1966T and type strains of closely related
Marinomonas
species were all below 22.9 and 79.9 mol%, respectively. The major fatty acids of the two strains were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω6c/C16 : 1
ω7c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c) and C16 : 0, with their predominant polar lipids being phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, and their sole respiratory quinone being Q-8. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains SM2066T and SM1966T determined from genomic sequences were 40.3 and 41.6 mol%, respectively. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented in this study, strains SM2066T and SM1966T are considered to represent two novel species within the genus
Marinomonas
, for which the names Marinomonas colpomeniae sp. nov. and Marinomonas algicola sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are SM2066T (=MCCC 1K04390T= KCTC 82372T) and SM1966T (=MCCC 1K04387T= KCTC 72848T), respectively.
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the genome sequence of strain S4J41 T are MK120109 and SMFP00000000, respectively. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the genome sequences of Puniceibacterium confluentis KCTC 52765 T and 'Phaeobacter marinintestinus' CCTCC AB 2016288 T are VOJI00000000 and VOGO00000000, respectively. Seven supplementary tables and two supplementary figures available with the online version of this article.
Braun’s lipoprotein (Lpp) plays a major role in stabilizing the integrity of the cell envelope in
Escherichia coli
, as it provides a covalent cross-link between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan layer. An important challenge in elucidating the physiological role of Lpp lies in attaining a detailed understanding of its distribution on the peptidoglycan layer. Here, using atomic force microscopy, we visualized Lpp directly on peptidoglycan sacculi. Lpp is homogeneously distributed over the outer surface of the sacculus at a high density. However, it is absent at the constriction site during cell division, revealing its role in the cell division process with Pal, another cell envelope–associated protein. Collectively, we have established a framework to elucidate the distribution of Lpp and other peptidoglycan-bound proteins via a direct imaging modality.
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