Surface-initiated photoinduced SET-LRP of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide from an initiator-containing monolayer yields micropatterned brushes resistant to blood plasma fouling.
In the current study, well-defined polymer brushes are shown as an effective surface modification to resist the adhesion of whole blood and its components. Poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methylether methacrylate] (poly(MeOEGMA)), poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)), poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] (poly(HPMA)), and poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) (poly(CBAA)) brushes were grown by surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and subsequently characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. All brushes decreased the fouling from blood plasma over 95% and prevented the adhesion of platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes as evidenced by SPR and SEM measurements.
Five poly(betaine) brushes were prepared, and their resistance to blood plasma fouling was studied. Two carboxybetaines monomers were copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to prepare novel hydrogels. By increasing the content of the zwitterionic comonomer, a 4-fold increase in the water content could be achieved while retaining mechanical properties close to the widely used poly(HEMA) hydrogels. All hydrogels showed an unprecedentedly low fouling from blood plasma. Remarkably, by copolymerization with 10 mol % of carboxybetaine acrylamide, hydrogels fully resistant to blood plasma were prepared.
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