<p>The presence of the ruler and its authority in people’s daily life is an interesting talk especially when it is related to welfare case. The understanding of the meaning of authority relation is manifested into government leadership practice, which at the same time, is connected to concern on maintaining the balance of nature. Based on the phenomena existence, this writing discusses about the problem of people’s authority relation position as exploitation object by the King in pactice. Does people accept their position and authority relation as necessity since they were born as servant. Or, instead, through people’s resignation accepting their destiny, they become more creative emerging local wisdom and knowledge based on environment. At this same time, people apply work management system called season regulation ‘pranatamangsa’. Pranatamangsa is manifestation of harmonious relation among human being – nature – God. Javanese farmer has faith that, like any other traditional ethnic people, the way God does arrange the nature is through the nature’s sign, as part of cosmological balance.</p><p> </p><p>Kehadiran penguasa dan kekuasaannya dalam keseharian kehidupan rakyatnya adalah hal yang menarik untuk dibicarakan terutama bila dihubungkan dengan kesejahteraan. Pemahaman tentang relasi kuasa di sini adalah yang termanifestasi dalam praktek kepemimpinan pemerintahan, yang pada saat yang sama, tersambung dengan kepedulian untuk menjaga keseimbangan alam. Berdasarkan fenomena yang ada, problematika yang ingin dibahas dalam tulisan berikut ini adalah bagaimana relasi kuasa rakyat yang dalam prakteknya diposisikan sebagai obyek eksploitasi oleh Raja. Adakah rakyat menerimanya sebagai sebuah keniscayaan atas kelahiran mereka sebagai kawula. Ataukah justru dalam kepasrahan menerima garis nasib mereka justru menjadi lebih kreatif dengan memunculkan kearifan dan pengetahuan lokal berbasis lingkungan. Pada saat sama, dalam masyarakat berlaku sistem pengaturan kerja yang disebut pranata mangsa. Pranata mangsa merupakan wujud harmonisasi hubungan antara manusia-lingkungan alam-dan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Keyakinan petani Jawa, dan masyarakat tradisional pada etnis lain, adalah bentuk keyakinan atas cara Tuhan bekerja mengatur alam melalui tanda-tanda alam, sebagai bagian dari keseimbangan kosmologis.</p><p> </p>
Forest utilization and conservation have become a serious problem faced by many countries in the world. Forests in Java have been exploited massively since colonial rule. Exploitation not only by the colonial government but also by the indigenous rulers. Of course, this exploitation has a big impact on the ecology of Java's forests, which then experience a decline in quality and the loss of several forest areas. Behind all the chaos that occurs in forest management in Java, people instinctively have a mechanism to manage and preserve the forest where they live and make a living. The mechanism in question is to use traditions and myths that have grown and developed in society. This research is social history research, which explores the historical sources of Javanese forestry and relates to social changes that occur in society. The method used is the historical research method and is equipped with information obtained from interviews with some informants. From the results of the research conducted, it can be seen that the Javanese people, especially those who still live around the forest, are currently carrying out traditions related to forest maintenance. Although the forest area is shrinking, the tradition is still carried out, for reasons of cultural and economic preservation.Pemanfaatan dan konservasi hutan telah menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi oleh banyak negara di dunia. Hutan di Jawa telah dieksploitasi secara besar-besaran sejak pemerintahan kolonial. Eksploitasi tidak hanya dilakukan oleh pemerintah kolonial tetapi juga oleh penguasa pribumi. Tentu saja eksploitasi ini berdampak besar terhadap ekologi hutan Jawa yang kemudian mengalami penurunan kualitas dan hilangnya beberapa kawasan hutan. Di balik semua kekacauan yang terjadi dalam pengelolaan hutan di Jawa, masyarakat secara naluriah memiliki mekanisme untuk mengelola dan melestarikan hutan tempat mereka hidup dan mencari nafkah. Mekanisme yang dimaksud adalah dengan menggunakan tradisi dan mitos yang telah tumbuh dan berkembang di masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah sosial, yang menggali sumber-sumber sejarah kehutanan Jawa dan berkaitan dengan perubahan sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian sejarah dan dilengkapi dengan informasi yang diperoleh dari wawancara dengan beberapa informan. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa masyarakat Jawa khususnya yang masih tinggal di sekitar hutan saat ini menjalankan tradisi yang berkaitan dengan pemeliharaan hutan. Meski luas hutan semakin menyusut, tradisi tersebut tetap dilakukan, dengan alasan pelestarian budaya dan ekonomi.Cite this article: Witasari, N. (2022). Whispers from the Forest: Local Wisdom in forest Conservation and Utilization. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 23-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.27173
The purpose of this study is to know the use of LMS Moodle in history study and to know of the obstacles encountered by teachers and trainees in making use of the LMS Moodle. The study uses a qualitative approach with case study strategies. Data collection techniques of observation, interview, and document review. The data collected will then be processed to inference. Research shows that during learning done from home 1) 1) history study with an LMS Moodle is done well. The planning, implementation and evaluations of the history teacher have been systematic. The casting of learning with the LMS Moodle was presensi, matter waiver, and evaluation by taking an formative question. During the online study the history teacher has made good use of, but in doing so has not been fully effective. 2) the challenges teachers experience are the making of attractive materials, the media selection to explain the material, the teachers cannot control the learning activities, and the activation of the learners. The performance of learning is inadequate because of age factors, and learners' accessibility is still lacking, and the class's organization is irregular. The challenge for a learner is the often defective LMS Moodle, an unstable Internet network, a lack of understanding of matter, and a usually full cell phone memory.
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