The problem-solving performance of primary school students depend on their attitudes and beliefs. As it is not easy to change attitudes, we aimed to change the relationship between problem-solving performance and attitudes with a training program. The training was based on the assumption that self-generated external representations support the problem-solving process. Furthermore, we assumed that students who are encouraged to generate representations will be successful, especially when they analyze and reflect on their products. A paper-pencil test of attitudes and beliefs was used to measure the constructs of willingness, perseverance, and self-confidence. We predicted that participation in the training program would attenuate the relationship between attitudes and problem-solving performance and that non-participation would not affect the relationship. The results indicate that students’ attitudes had a positive effect on their problem-solving performance only for students who did not participate in the training.
At DESY the Distributed Object Oriented Control System (DOOCS)[1] was developed to solve a variety of control tasks at the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) Linac. DOOCS is designed from the device server level, to control different parts of the hardware, up to the console, where it provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to the operators.The Finite State Machine (FSM) concept has been integrated into DOOCS to simplify the automation of the accelerator operation [2,3]. This paper describes the FSM server implementation for automated RF operation at the TTF. The server consists of two main elements -the control manager and a tools section. The control manager is responsible for RF field control. The start up, restart and routine operation of a 10 MW klystron, that currently powers 16 superconducting cavities, is successfully controlled by a DOOCS FSM server. The FSM process includes loop phase measurement and correction, feedforward and feedback parameter adjustments, beam loading compensation, calibrations, and automatic fault recovery.A variety of automated procedures are available in the tools section, which assist the operators in maximizing the performance of the RF system.
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