Diagnostic records are a key feature of any cancer epidemiology, prevention or control strategy for both human beings and animals. Thus, the information stored in human and animal cancer registries is essential to comparative epidemiologic, pathogenic and therapeutic research. This study presents the Swiss Canine Cancer Registry, compiled between 1955 and 2008. The data consists of pathology diagnostic records issued by three veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Switzerland. The tumours are classified according to the International Classification of Oncology for Humans (ICD-O-3) guidelines: tumour type, malignancy and body location (WHO, 2013). The dogs are classified according to breed, age, sex, castration status and place of residence. The diagnostic data were correlated to the relative dog population and the occurrence of cancer in dogs was thus investigated. In 121,963 canine patients 67,943 tumours were diagnosed. 47.07% of which were malignant tumours. The most common tumour location was the skin (37.05%), followed by mammary glands (23.55%) and soft tissue (13.66%). The most common tumour diagnoses were epithelial (38.45%), mesenchymal (35.10%) and lymphatic tumours (13.23%). The results are compared with other canine registries. Similarities to tumour distribution and incidence in other findings are listed and specific difficulties in comparison are pointed out. We hope that this study will mark the beginning of a continuous registration of dog tumours in Switzerland, which, in turn, will serve as a reference for research in the fields of animal and human oncology. The diagnostic data were correlated to the relative dog population and the 25 occurrence of cancer in dogs was thus investigated. In 121,963 canine patients 26 67,943 tumours were diagnosed. 47.07% of which were malignant tumours. The 27 most common tumour location was the skin (37.05%), followed by mammary glands 28 (23.55%) and soft tissue (13.66%). The most common tumour diagnoses were 29 epithelial (38.45%), mesenchymal (35.10%) and lymphatic tumours (13.23%). 30The results are compared with other canine registries. Similarities to tumour 31 distribution and incidence in other findings are listed and specific difficulties in 32 comparison are pointed out. We hope that this study will mark the beginning of a 33 continuous registration of dog tumours in Switzerland, which, in turn, will serve as a 34 reference for research in the fields of animal and human oncology. 35 36

Aims/hypothesis: It is believed that type 2 diabetes leads to alterations in upper gastrointestinal functions. Additionally, diabetes duration and HbA 1c levels are also supposed to play a role but the findings of previous studies are rather contradictory. In light of this, volunteers with diabetes, prediabetes (IFG or IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were recruited and their upper gastrointestinal motility and symptomatology were investigated. Results: While gastric motility was reduced in the group with IFG/IGT (p<0.05), it was found to be normal in participants with diabetes. The patients with diabetes and long disease duration or highest HbA 1c levels demonstrated a significant acceleration in gastric motility (p<0.001). Even though no differences in oesophageal motility were detected between volunteers with diabetes, IFG/IGT and NGT, the resting pressure of the LES was reduced in patients with diabetes and long disease duration (p=0.01). Prevalence of abdominal pain/discomfort was higher in the group with diabetes (p=0.04). Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with oesophageal, but not with gastric motility. Conclusions:Upper gastrointestinal motility is similar between individuals with diabetes and NGT. Long diabetes duration or poor glycaemic control may lead to alterations in gastrointestinal motility. Reduced gastric emptying rate in individuals with IFG/IGT could be attributed to acute hyperglycaemia after meal ingestion. Gastric emptying breath test and high resolution oesophageal manometry could become valuable tools for the diagnostic workup of patients with diabetes.

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OBJECTIVEInsulin secretion is often diminished in hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes. We examined whether chronic basal insulin treatment with insulin glargine improves glucose-induced insulin secretion.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSFourteen patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy received an add-on therapy with insulin glargine over 8 weeks. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) were performed before and after the intervention, with and without previous adjustment of fasting glucose levels using a 3-h intravenous insulin infusion.RESULTSFasting glycemia was lowered from 179.6 ± 7.5 to 117.6 ± 6.5 mg/dL (P < 0.001), and HbA1c levels declined from 8.4 ± 0.5 to 7.1 ± 0.2% (P = 0.0046). The final insulin dose was 59.3 ± 10.2 IU. Acute normalization of fasting glycemia by intravenous insulin reduced C-peptide levels during the IVGTT (P < 0.0001). In contrast, insulin and C-peptide responses to intravenous glucose administration were significantly greater after the glargine treatment period (P < 0.0001, respectively). Both first- and second-phase insulin secretion increased significantly after the glargine treatment period (P < 0.05, respectively). These improvements in insulin secretion were observed during both the experiments with and without acute adjustment of fasting glycemia.CONCLUSIONSChronic supplementation of long-acting basal insulin improves glucose-induced insulin secretion in hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas acute exogenous insulin administration reduces the β-cell response to glucose administration. These data provide a rationale for basal insulin treatment regiments to improve postprandial endogenous insulin secretion in hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes.