Forest fires frequently happen worldwide, especially in the dry season. A forest fire early warning system (EWS) is needed to prevent this disaster. The main part of EWS is the hotspot detection system. On the other side, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology offers an alternative solution to detect the hotspot for poor satellite image processing accuracy. Remote sensing techniques with UAV working drones are progressively challenging. Drones can provide results in 2D and 3D images with high resolution and real-time. Therefore, in this research, we have used a photogrammetry application from the number of images collected by a UAV with an optimum flight plan for the mission to determine the location of the forest fire. This paper describes remote sensing experiments using drones to detect land fires. The experiment was carried out using a quadcopter drone of the DJI Phantom 4 Pro. The photos are processed using Agisoft Metashape Professional image processing software and become a 2D image. These images captured a fire simulation in a known location. After a high resolution (GSD – Ground Sampling Distance – 0.87cm/px) orthophoto had been generated, a color filtration algorithm detected a hotspot to detect a fire at the exact location. The results are almost zero deviation of longitude and latitude from the real location with 1.44 m2 and 1.06 m2 fire area from 2 experiments. This algorithm program has TPR and FPR are 0,78 and 0, respectively. Further research can develop an EWS with a combination of UAV and Wireless Sensor Networks.
Modern community today showed the current issues that related to the complexity of personality. Islam offers a therapeutic meaning to overcome the global human crisis through the holy Quran. The aim of this study is to provide a qualitative analysis of logo therapy alternative to global human being who has experience critical conditions such as for someone who becomes the door of death (Sakarat al-Maut), acute illnesses, HIV Aids, kidney illness, stroke, coma, depression or stress, due to the hazards, and the other refractory diseases. Through the Quranic analytical perspective, the result of this study showed that the therapy of Islamic meaning based on the holy Quran can be seen as the broader and more comprehensive than the meaning therapy by Viktor E. Frank’s method.
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