Background. In the present-day situation, the problems pertaining to the nutritional quality of food and feed are quite pertinent for fodder production and cereal farming. The prospect to exploit hulless barley is regarded as a promising trend of agricultural research, because its grain contains chemical compounds of higher value than those in hulled barley. However, among the limiting factors of hulless barley cultivation, low yield should be mentioned, along with poor lodging resistance and susceptibility to fungal diseases. Therefore, the task of searching for and comprehensive studying of source material for hulless barley breeding is essential as the first step towards the development of high-yielding and adaptable cultivars.Materials and methods. Twenty hulless barley accessions, representing 15 botanical varieties, served as the target material for the study. Their genotypes were evaluated in the northern forest steppe environments of Tyumen Province (2015– 2017) according to the guidelines developed by the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and field trial methods by B. A. Dospekhov. Correlation analysis was used for statistical processing of experimental data.Results and conclusion. The degree of interactions between the studied characters was measured, and their effect size in the formation of the yield was shown for hulless barley accessions. An inverse correlation of medium strength (r = –0.37) was observed between plant height and lodging resistance, and a direct relationship between plant height and yield was recorded (r = 0.37). The yield was most closely associated with grain weight per plant (r = 0.61) and 1000 grain weight (r = 0.54). The research results showed that C.I.10975 (k-30624, Ethiopia), Liguleless (k-29894, Tajikistan), Schwarze Nackte Kraftborn (k-25788, Germany) and ‘De printempe’ (k-23491, France) had relatively high yield combined with a number of other useful traits.
A b s t r a c tThe method of chemical mutagenesis allows in a relatively short time to obtain a material with new features and properties, including completely new mutations. The effectiveness of the application of the method for the creation of selection valuable forms of plants in various soil and climatic conditions is shown in the works of a number of authors. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of the mutagen namely phosphomide in different concentrations on the agrobiological characters at the hybrid form and the initial cultivars of spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivun L.). Two domestic cultivars (Scant 1, Scant 3, var. lutescens) and three foreign cultivars (Cara, var. erythrospermum; Hybrid, var. ferrugineum; Lutescens 70, var. lutescens) were the source material. A preliminary study of the varieties was carried out in 2006-2008. In 2009, hybrid combinations involving these varieties were obtained using incomplete diallel crosses and forced pollination. The efficacy of phosphomide, a chemical mutagen, at concentrations of 0.002 and 0.01 % was studied in two varieties (Cara and Scant 3) and F 4 hybrid (Cara ½ Scant 3). For the treatment, the seeds were soaked in phosphomide solutions for 3 hours, and the control seeds were soaked in distilled water. Germination energy and morphometric parameters of the seedlings were evaluated in laboratory tests to calculate the growth inhibition indices. In the spring 2014, 25 mutagen-treated seeds were sown in the field (Biostation of Tyumen State University, Tyumen Province) in 4-fold replication separately for each variant of treatment to obtain M 1 generation. From individual M 1 plants were separately derived M 2 generation. Resistance of the specimens toward leaf fungus diseases (powdery mildew, leaf rust and spotting) was assessed under natural infection development (Biostation of Tyumen State University, Tyumen Province) during the entire vegetation period, from appearance of the symptoms till the leaves dried up, using laboratory tests for specific pathogen identification. The results obtained suggest that the use of phosphomide promotes diversity of the breeding material. In the first generation (M 1 ), there was an inhibitory effect of phosphomide on field wheat germination and the morphometric parameters of seedlings (the length of roots and shoots) which depended on the mutagen concentration. The seedlings showed the least tolerance to phosphomide as to the number of germinal roots. The effect of stimulation compared to the control occurred in the hybrid combination Cara ½ Scant 3 as to seed germination energy indices (by 5.9 %) in the laboratory tests and plant viability in the field during the growing season (by 14.0-80.0 %). The mutagen increased significantly the grain weight per 1 m 2 in the hybrid (by 16.0 %) while the grain yield in the varieties Cara and Scant 3 decreased by 67.0 and 57.0 %, respectively. In high concentration (0.01 %) the mutagen reduced resistance to powdery mildew and brown rust in the varieties whereas in the hybri...
A b s t r a c tFlax is the only industrial crop cultivated in Belarus for fiber on the area over 50 thousand ha. An environmental adaptation is of special interest for innovative flax varieties. We focused on selection of genetic sources of adaptability and stability and the search for environmentally adapted genotypes among the extensive flax hybrids. For this, we have studied a response of the parent forms and 36 hybrid populations of fiber flax to abiotic factors and estimated the influence of environment on economically important traits. The field trials (Orshanskii Region, Belarus, 2012 to 2014) were carried out under weather conditions which varied in precipitations (16.7-27.1 mm) and daily air temperature (12.4-16.4 С). Plant height, stem technical length, weight, and fiber content were studied in 10 parental varieties different in geographic origin (i.e. derived from Belarus, Russia, France, Ukraine, Lithuania), and also in their combinations. Morphological and biological screening identified 11 early ripening combinations, 15 forms with tall stem, 10 forms with a significant technical stem length, 4 ones with high stem weight, and 3 ones with high fibre content. Keywords: flax, varieties, hybrids, environmental adaptability, stability, productivity Nowadays, the fiber flax selection is focused on improving resistance to biotic and abiotic factors while preserving the high productivity and quality of the feedstock. The main method in generating the parent material is still the intravariety hybridization which allows combining important traits of parents [1].In the literature, there is sufficient information on the environmental study of varieties and hybrids of many crops, such as grains [2][3][4][5][6][7], corn [8,9) [19]. At the same time, there are extremely little papers dedicated to the environmental assessment of samples,
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