Hospital staff and patients agreed that pain, vital signs and tests were top sleep disrupters. However, pain was associated with the greatest objective sleep loss, highlighting the need for proactive screening and management of patient pain to improve sleep in hospitals.

A lthough sleep is critical to patient recovery in the hospital, hospitalization is not restful, 1,2 and inpatient sleep deprivation has been linked to poor health outcomes. 1-4 The American Academy of Nursing's Choosing Wisely ® campaign recommends nurses reduce unnecessary nocturnal care. 5 However, interventions to improve inpatient sleep are not widely implemented. 6 Targeting routine disruptions, such as overnight vital signs, by changing default settings in the electronic health record (EHR) with "nudges" could be a cost-effective strategy to improve inpatient sleep. 4,7 We created Sleep for Inpatients: Empowering Staff to Act (SI-ESTA), which pairs nudges in the EHR with interprofessional education and empowerment, 8 and tested its effectiveness on objectively and subjectively measured nocturnal sleep disruptors. METHODS Study Design Two 18-room University of Chicago Medicine general-medicine units were used in this prospective study. The SIESTA-enhanced unit underwent the full sleep intervention: nursing education and empowerment, physician education, and EHR changes. The standard unit did not receive nursing interventions but received all other forms of intervention. Because physicians simultaneously cared for patients on both units, all internal medicine residents and hospitalists received the same education. The study population included physicians, nurses, and awake English-speaking patients who were cognitively intact and admitted to these two units. The University of Chicago Institutional Review Board approved this study (12-1766; 16685B).

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disease which is known to progress gradually and has now become a substantial health concern through-out the world. Clinically, cognitive declination and progressive dementia are the main characteristics of AD while pathologically; Aß plaques and tau-neurofibrils are the hallmarks. The present literature search has suggested that oxidative stress is one of the most vital risk factor which can potentially lead to the development of AD. Oxidative stress is known to produce the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which has a potential to increase in the structural and functional abnormalities in the glial cells of the brain and which could further lead to a cognitive decline and subsequently, dementia. Hence, in order to curb this oxidative stress in the glial cells, antioxidants have been proved to be of great help according to the literature search done in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. We included Meta-Analysis, Systemic Reviews and Original studies. Vitamins A, C, and E are an example of antioxidants that can be used as adjuvants in the treatment of AD. This article focuses on the contemporary literature search and presents forward the evidence-based banes of using Vitamin A, C, and E as an adjuvant therapy for preventing and treating AD. Keywords: Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Antioxidants, Alzheimers disease, Adjuvant therapy

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progreessing and chronic neurodegenerative disorder which has now become a major health concern worldwide. The previous literature has shown that oxidative stress is one of the most important risk factors behind the etiopathogenesis of AD. Oxidative stress subsequently leads to the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). D-Galactose, a reducing sugar, reacts with amines of amino acids non-enzymatically in the proteins and peptides to form Advanced Glycation End products which further activates its receptors coupled to biochemical pathways that stimulate ROS production and induces mitochondrial dysfunction which damages the neuron intracellularly. High dosage of D-Galactose also suppresses the production of nerve growth factors and its associated proteins which results in the degeneration of nerve cells and reduction of acetylcholine levels in brain regions. This article put forwards the advantages of using Lactic Acid Bacteria (Probiotics) possessing anti-oxidant properties and which produces Acetyl Choline against D-Galactose induced Alzheimer's disease.