Background. Soccer is a popular sport with a large number of players all over the world. Besides, it has considerable economic and social effects. Thus, it is necessary to find out the factors which influence soccer players' performance. Objectives. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there is a significant correlation between intellectual intelligence (I.Q) (Raven's progressive matrices) and emotional intelligence (EI) (Bar-On emotional intelligence scale) with the performance (Charbonneau sports performance questionnaire), and assess the psychological characteristics of young male soccer players in different playing positions and the descriptive method with a correlation technique was used. Methods. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for questions analysis and One-way ANOVA was used for testing the hypothesizes. 120 young Iranian male soccer players aged 17-19 from different soccer schools participated in the study. The players were divided into four playing positions: forwards, midfielders, defenders, and goalkeepers. Results. The obtained data revealed a positive linear correlation between soccer players' IQ, EQ, and sports performance. Also, significant differences were observed between BarOn subscale scores of the players in different playing positions. Conclusion. The obtained outcomes reinforce the hypothesis that positional differences in terms of psychological characteristics exist. In addition, it might be concluded that young soccer players might be differentiated by their psychological skills and their playing positions.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and debilitating joint disorder that causes severe impairment and reduces the quality of life. The available synthetic medicines used as standard therapy for RA have numerous side effects that can compromise their therapeutic outcomes. Thus, the demand for alternative and complementary medicines is increasing. A search of English articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases was carried out on probable mechanisms of action of herbs with the antirheumatic property. Herbal medicines stated in folk medicine face acceptance concerns by the medical community because of the lack of scientific documents regarding their physio-pharmacological mechanisms. This chapter aims to review the possible antirheumatic effects of various herbs, including Rosmarinus officinalis L., Curcuma longa, and Crocus sativus, their related mechanisms, and preclinical applications, in order to recall the therapeutic properties of herbal medicine. However, more clinical trials are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of these antirheumatic herbal medicines.
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