In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in treating respiratory tract infections in adults and children. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched. A total of 34 randomized clinical trials were included in this systematic review. We assessed the risk of bias of all included studies using the Cochrane tool for risk of bias assessment. The evidence on ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, diclofenac, and other NSAIDs were rated for degree of uncertainty for each of the study outcomes and summarized using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach. Our findings suggest that high‐quality evidence supports the use of NSAIDs to reduce fever in both adults and children. However, the evidence was uncertain for the use of NSAIDs to reduce cough. Most studies showed that NSAIDs significantly relieved sore throat. The evidence for mortality and oxygenation is limited. Regarding the adverse events, gastrointestinal discomfort was more frequently reported in children. For adults, our overall certainty in effect estimates was low and the increase in gastrointestinal adverse events was not clinically significant. In conclusion, NSAIDs seem to be beneficial in the outpatient management of fever and sore throat in adults and children. Although the evidence does not support their use to decrease mortality nor improve oxygenation in inpatient settings, the use of NSAIDs did not increase the rate of death or the need for ventilation in patients with respiratory tract infections. Further studies with a robust methodology and larger sample sizes are recommended.
Background programs and p the aim of this Methods: W Inclusion criter in patients withResults: The 21.80±3.79 day moderate form disease did not to the occurren (p<0.001). In th severe form of different.Conclusion: more need for duration of eac
Uterine cancer affects more than 1.28 million people worldwide; considering current world trends in obesity and aging, a +52.7% growth by 2040 is foreseen. Around 5% of endometrial cancer patients are less than 40 years old, meaning that conventional oncologic approaches would result in fertility loss; thus, it is essential to consult patients regarding their fertility and family planning. Owing to developments of oncofertility, patients are now able to preserve their fertility and complete their childbearing, drafting from the standard of care in endometrial cancer. Strict criteria should be applied to make sure of selecting patients who benefit most from the fertility preservation approach. Furthermore, careful selection of patients increases the possibility of successful treatment. Most candidates for fertility preservation have risk factors in common with infertility, including polycystic ovarian syndrome, obesity, increasing of age and irregular menses; therefore, Advanced Reproductive Technology (ART) can improve their chances for pregnancy. Current applied knowledge towards the fertility preservation approach in patients with endometrial cancer is reviewed in this article.
Background: Health systems must have functional and efficient preparedness and response plans to manage pandemics. Moreover, it is essential to adjust to changing circumstances and the dynamic character of pandemics. The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP), emphasizing 144 measures across 10 pillars, helping governments prepare and respond to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to determine how the Iranian health system, based on the WHO-SPRP, addresses strategic preparedness and response plan in the COVID-19 pandemic at the national level.Methods: The WHO-SPRP was adopted and translated into Persian by 2 bilingual natives. The chief of the health office requested that authorized officers complete the SPRP. Then, a meeting was held by officers of related units involved in COVID-19 management to address the SPRP at regional and national levels.Results: Our findings suggest that up to August 2020, effective risk communication and community engagement were not fully established. Our response plan lacked evidence-based information and educational messaging to consistently shape public opinion and impression of a respiratory pandemic. Conclusion:The Iranian health care system and services were almost able to address the SPRP and perform the major indicators that the WHO had proposed. However, special attention should be paid to risk communication and community engagement to empower informed decision-making by individuals and communities.
Introduction Various studies have examined the association between periodontitis and helicobacter pylori and reported conflicting results. The aimed of this systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the association between these two variables. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Sciences and Medline (Elsevier) were searched using the relevant keywords. All observational studies comparing the association between periodontitis and helicobacter pylori were considered. The Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) checklist was used for assessing quality of included studies. All statistical analyses were completed using STATA (Version 16). Results Twenty-three studies with 8,638 patients (15 case-control with 2,366 patients and 8 cross-sectional with 6,272 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. After combining the selected studies, the odds of presence the Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with the periodontal disease was 2.47 (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 2.01, 3.03; I2: 50.87%; P: 0.001). Also, the odds after combining case-control studies was 2.77 (OR: 2.77; % 95 CI: 2.11, 3.66; I2: 37.16%; P: 0.049) and after combining cross-sectional analytical ones, it was equal to 2.07 (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.62, 2.65; I2: 43.25%; P: 0.050). Conclusion Based on the results of this meta-analysis, the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the periodontal disease is evident.
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