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<p>Objetivo: describir las condiciones laborales del personal de salud vinculado a programas de salud pública. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a una muestra representativa de 672 personas vinculadas a instituciones de salud habilitadas por el Ministerio de Salud en el 2013, que proveían servicios y programas de salud pública. Resultados: los hallazgos sugieren que la mayor parte del personal vinculado a servicios y programas de salud pública tenía formación en medicina, enfermería y odontología, condiciones laborales problemáticas —dado que predomina la contratación de corto plazo— y la cobertura en capacitación en salud pública era baja. La mayor idoneidad en salud pública de los encuestados se asoció con haber aprobado el examen de conocimiento para ingresar a la institución y tener evaluación del desempeño. Conclusión: se evidenció limitación en la formación y en la capacitación y deficientes condiciones laborales del personal que laboraba en los programas de salud pública.</p>

The objective of this study was to estimate the ratio of resilient youth and compare this to youth with aggressive behavior, and to youth who also exhibit sexually risky behavior and drug use. A cross-section study of a representative sample of people between aged between 12 and 60 who are residents of Medellin, Colombia, and its metropolitan area (N = 4,654) was employed using probabilistic multi-stage sampling. Youth between 14 and 26 years old were selected for the present analysis (n = 1,780). The proportion of resilient youth is 22.9%, of aggressors is 11.3%, and that of youth with other risky conduct is 65.8%. The high ratio of resilient youth calls for a reorientation of public policy toward prevention and control of violence, prioritizing the promotion of resilient behavior instead of continuing with tertiary prevention actions.

BackgroundThe burden of injury from violence and the costs attributable to violence are extremely high in Colombia. Despite a dramatic decline in homicides over the last ten years, homicide rate in Medellin, Colombia second largest city continues to rank among the highest of cities in Latin America. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and distribution of witnesses, victims and perpetrators of different forms of interpersonal violence in a representative sample of the general population in Medellin in 2007.MethodsA face-to-face survey was carried out on a random selected, non-institutionalized population aged 12 to 60 years, with a response rate of 91% yielding 2,095 interview responses.ResultsWe present the rates of prevalence for having been a witness, victim, or perpetrator for different forms of violence standardized using the WHO truncated population pyramid to allow for cross-national comparison. We also present data on verbal aggression, fraud and deception, yelling and heavy pranks, unarmed aggression during last year, and armed threat, other severe threats, robbery, armed physical aggression, and sexual aggression during the lifetime, by age, sex, marital and socioeconomic status, and education. Men reported the highest prevalence of being victims, perpetrators and witnesses in all forms of violence, except for robbery and sexual violence. The number of victims per perpetrator was positively correlated with the severity of the type of violence. The highest victimization proportions over the previous twelve months occurred among minors. Perpetrators are typically young unmarried males from lower socio-economic strata.ConclusionsDue to very low proportion of victimization report to authorities, periodic surveys should be included in systems for epidemiological monitoring of violence, not only of victimization but also for perpetrators. Victimization information allows quantifying the magnitude of different forms of violence, while data on factors associated with aggression and perpetrators are necessary to estimate risk and protective factors that are essential to sound policies for violence prevention formulation.

Resumen: El presente artículo analiza la tolerancia al quebrantamiento de la norma en Medellín y municipios del Área Metropolitana a partir de los datos obtenidos del estudio sobre la magnitud, distribución y factores asociados a la violencia en el Área Metropolitana que se realizó en 2004 a los diez municipios que la integran, por el cual se estimó la magnitud que se tiene en la sociedad de este importante factor de riesgo para la violencia. De los resultados se destaca que los indicadores estandarizados de anomia y de legitimación del quebrantamiento de la norma son asombrosamente altos en todos los municipios del Área Metropolitana de Medellín, tanto en hombres como en mujeres, aunque con mayor prevalencia entre los hombres, y entre los menores de edad y los jóvenes. Se presentan discusiones sociológicas que aportan elementos para explicar la presencia y las características de este fenómeno y los factores que motivan a un individuo a ocasionar un incidente que contribuye a dicho fenómeno. Entre los elementos explicativos se mencionan tanto los valores inadecuados o falta de ciertos valores culturales, fruto de condicionantes de índole sociocultural y económica en el Área Metropolitana, como la racionalidad individual.
Abstract: This article analyzes the tolerance to the breaches of the norm in Medellin and municipalities in Metropolitan Area. For this purpose, we use data from the study about magnitude, distribution and factors associated with violence in Metropolitan Area of Medellin that was conducted in 2004 to ten of its municipalities. In this study was estimated the magnitude of this important risk factor for violence on society. Results emphasize that the standardized indicators of anomie and legitimacy to the breach of the rule are surprisingly high in all municipalities in the Metropolitan Area of Medellin, for both men and women, although most prevalent among men, children and youth. Sociological arguments are presented to provide elements that explain the presence and characteristics of this phenomenon and the factors that motivate a person to cause an incident that contributes to this phenomenon. Among the explanatory values are mentioned both inadequate and lack of certain cultural values, the result of sociocultural constraints and economic situation as individual rationality