The treatment of chronic anal fissure must be individualized depending on the different clinical profiles of patients. Botulinum toxin injection has a higher recurrence rate than LIS, and LIS provides rapid and permanent recovery. However, LIS carries a higher risk of anal incontinence in patients.

SLN biopsy using a gamma probe in early stage gastric cancer seems to be a safe, feasible and accurate procedure with high sensitivity in predicting regional lymph node involvement.