This study aimed to measure the efficiency, total anthocyanin content (TAC), and total phenol content (TPC) of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) extract from different extractions. Also, the characteristics of the nanoencapsulated extracts with maltodextrin (MD)/Lepidium perfoliatum (Qodume Shahri) seed gum were investigated. The highest and lowest extraction efficiency was related to solvent ethanol–water extraction (SEWE) (76.35%) and solvent ethanol extraction (SEE) (25.73%), respectively. Extracts obtained from microwave extraction (ME) and ultrasound extraction (UE) methods had the highest and lowest values of TAC (4.00–0.35) (mg C3G/g PPP) and TPC (702.13–232.58) (mg GAE/100 g sample), respectively. Peak 3213 in FT‐IR indicates the O–H bond, which showed the highest content of phenolic compounds in the extract obtained from ME compared with SEE, SEWE, and UE. The nanoencapsulated extracts from SEE, SEE, and UE had the lowest particle size of peak 1, particle distribution in peak 1, and average particle size distribution compared with other extractions, respectively. The highest encapsulation efficiency of anthocyanin (EEA) and encapsulation efficiency of phenol (EEP) were related to UE (96.15%) and SEWE (86.57%), respectively. The EEP and EEA of SEE were not significantly different from ME and SEWE, respectively. On the other hand, the type and amount of extractive compounds in the extract have a great impact on the efficiency of nanoencapsulation and the average size distribution of nanoencapsulated particles. As a result, PPP extract is rich in antioxidant compounds, which can be determined by carefully examining the appropriate method of extraction and preservation of the extracted compounds.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the color and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin extract of pomegranate peel extracted with solvent. In this study, acidified ethanol and also the combination of water with acidified ethanol was used as a solvent. Anthocyanin content was evaluated by differential pH, phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteu method, as well as color stability at temperature, pH, and time, and antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH test. The highest extraction efficiency was related to solvent extraction (ethanol-water) with %76.350±1.445. The results showed that the highest amount of total anthocyanin measured related to solvent extraction (ethanol-water) was 3.146 ±0.035 mg cyanidin-3 glucoside per gram of pomegranate peel powder. The results showed that acidified ethanol as a solvent is more effective than the combination of water and acidified ethanol in extracting phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel powder. The highest amount of total phenol compounds measured was related to the extraction of solvent (ethanol) equal to 589.310±4.246 mg gallic acid in 100 g of extract. Color stability decreased with increasing pH and less stability was observed in solvent anthocyanin extract (ethanol-water). The results showed more color changes in solvent anthocyanin extract (ethanol) than temperature. Solvent anthocyanin extract (ethanol-water) had higher DPPH free radical scavenging power than solvent anthocyanin extract (ethanol).
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