Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a devastating disease characterized
by continual addition of leukocytes and T cells within the articular cavity causing inflammation
and cartilage destruction. Withania somnifera is one of the most precious medicinal
herbs, reported to have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous
extract of Withania somnifera roots (WSAq) in Collagen Induced Arthritic (CIA) rats.
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Methods: To achieve this, we assessed the level of inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor
Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in CIA rats. Further, transcription factor,
oxidative stress parameters and CD+8 expressions were also analyzed in CIA rats.
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Results: Arthritic rats showed a greater increase in the levels of pro inflammatory cytokines
such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, transcription factor NF-κB and a decrease in IL-10 concentration
than controls rats. Oral administration of WSAq at a dose of 300mg/kg.wt.
(WSAq300) appreciably attenuated the production of these pro inflammatory cytokines.
This anti-inflammatory activity of WSAq300 might be partly mediated through an increase
in the secretion of IL-10 and inhibition of NF-κB activity. Further, arthritic rats also show
increased oxidative stress as compared to control rats. This increased oxidative stress in the
arthritic rats appears to be the outcome of both an activated pro-oxidant and a poor antioxidant
defense system. Treatment with WSAq300 strongly ameliorates all these ROS parameters
significantly to near normal. Additional, metalloproteinase MMP-8 levels were
also measured and found to be increased in CIA rats, which after treatment with WSAq300
came down to near normal.
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Conclusion: From the above results, it can be concluded that the use of WSAq300 may be
a valuable supplement which can improve human arthritis.
Objective The aim of our case-control study was to determine expression of VEGFA mRNA in placentae of preeclamsia (PE) versus uncomplicated pregnancy to further clarify its differential expression in pregnancy hypertensive disorders. Study Design The PE group was subdivided into severe and non-severe; those with or without HELLP syndrome and placental VEGFA characteristics were compared for these cohorts. Additionally, the neonatal and maternal outcomes were recorded. The quantification of placental VEGFA was done using quantitative real-time PCR and results were expressed as fold change. Results Out of 42 PE cases, 23 (55%) were non-severe and 19 cases (45%) were severe PE. Out of 19 severe PE patients, 8 (42%) were HELLP syndrome (complete HELLP) and remaining 11 (58%) were non-HELLP severe PE. Compared to controls, the true fold change in PE,
We investigated whether in-utero Cd(II) chloride exposure of the dams between 14th to 21st day of gestation affects memory and learning, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity and their gene expression in brain of the pups in their adulthood. In the Morris water maze, cadmium (Cd) exposure impaired spatial memory which was reversed following co-treatment with quercetin (100 mg/kg). In the passive avoidance paradigm, retention memory was adversely affected but was significantly reversed by co treatment with quercetin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg). The malondialdehyde and catalase (CAT) levels and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity were increased significantly in Cd-treated group, but were reversed by quercetin (all doses). The gene expression for CAT and GST in brain tissue of Cd treated animals also increased many folds as compared to the control, and this effect was decreased on co-treatment with quercetin (all doses), thus matching with the respective enzyme activities. Quercetin (25 mg/kg) when co-treated with Cd caused a decrease in GST activity compared to control, which points towards a complex interplay with oxidative free radicals and promoters and transcription factors. Thus, Cd exposure during late gestation causes impaired spatial and retention memory in the next generation which may be due to alteration of activity as well as gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes, CAT and GST. Quercetin may offer some protection of memory impairment probably by modulating these effects.
With 0.45 MoM cutoff of PAPP-A, the detection rate, specificity and positive predictive value for SGA were 45, 92.6 and 56.2%, respectively. As PAPP-A MoM values decreased, the odds ratio of having adverse pregnancy outcomes increased.
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