Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has been a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in underdeveloped and developing countries, since this disease has been identified. Its prevalence has significantly come down in developed countries but this still remains an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of younger age group in underprivileged world. The most important fact associated with this condition is, this is a preventable problem and a lot of morbidity and mortality can be avoided with proper preventive measures.Objective: This study was conducted to know one year mortality with RHD in Indira Gandhi Institute of cardiology Patna, one of the largest referral cardiac centers of of northern India, to estimate the disease burden of this preventable problem in this province. Methods and Results:A retrospective study of medical records was done for the patients died during year 2013, with rheumatic heart disease at Indira Gandhi Institute of Cardiology, Patna. This tertiary cardiac center in northern India witnessed a total of 120 deaths with RHD during the year 2013.Conclusion: 120 deaths due to RHD in a year in a referral cardiac center of northern India is significant and points towards the disease burden of this preventable problem in the province.
Background Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious pathogen which often causes nosocomial and community attained infections. These infections steadily increased after evolving the resistance due to indecorous practice of antibiotics and now become a serious health issue. Ouabain is a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor that leads to increase the heart contraction in patients with congestive heart failure. Methods In the present study, in vitro antimicrobial effect of ouabain together with aminoglycosides was determined against clinical and non-clinical S. aureus strains . Using checkerboard, Gentamycin uptake and biofilm assays, we analysed he interactions of ouabain with aminoglycosides. Results Ouabain induced the staphylocidal potency of aminoglycosides by remarkably reducing the MIC of gentamycin (GEN) by 16 (0.25 μg/mL), 8 folds (0.5 μg/mL) amikacin (AMK); and 16 folds (1.0 μg/mL) with kanamycin (KAN), compared to their individual doses. OBN severely reduced cell viability within 60 min with GEN (1 μg/mL), KAN (2 μg/mL) and 90 min with AMK (1 μg/mL). This bactericidal effect was enhanced due to GEN uptake potentiated by 66% which led to increase the cell permeability as revealed by leakage of bacterial ATP and nitrocefin assay. The biofilm adherence disrupted by 80 and 50% at 5 mg/mL and 1.5 mg/mL OBN and 50 and 90% biofilm formation was inhibited at 5 mg/mL (MBIC 50 ) and 10 mg/mL (MBIC 90 ), respectively. Moreover, OBN with GEN further induced biofilm inhibition by 67 ± 5% at pH 7.0. Conclusions Taken together, we established that OBN synergizes the antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides that induces cell killing due to intracellular accumulation of GEN by disturbing cell homeostasis. It may be proven an effective approach for the treatment of staphylococcal infections.
Objective The aim of our case-control study was to determine expression of VEGFA mRNA in placentae of preeclamsia (PE) versus uncomplicated pregnancy to further clarify its differential expression in pregnancy hypertensive disorders. Study Design The PE group was subdivided into severe and non-severe; those with or without HELLP syndrome and placental VEGFA characteristics were compared for these cohorts. Additionally, the neonatal and maternal outcomes were recorded. The quantification of placental VEGFA was done using quantitative real-time PCR and results were expressed as fold change. Results Out of 42 PE cases, 23 (55%) were non-severe and 19 cases (45%) were severe PE. Out of 19 severe PE patients, 8 (42%) were HELLP syndrome (complete HELLP) and remaining 11 (58%) were non-HELLP severe PE. Compared to controls, the true fold change in PE,
Objective: The relative risk of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients is more than in non-diabetic population. The present study was undertaken to explore the cardioprotective effect of Naringin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the diabetic model of rat. Methods: Adult Wistar rats (either sex) divided into six groups. Diabetes was induced by 5 weeks combine exposure to a high-fat diet with a low dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg i.p.), administered on the 1st day of starting of the 5th week. Naringin treatment 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg was given simultaneously for 5 weeks. On the 36th day, the study animals were subjected to induction myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in anesthetizing rat. Serum glucose level and cholesterol level measured before performing of ischemic reperfusion. After reperfusion injury, the animals were sacrificed and estimate change in the heart in the course of biochemical alterations, in creatine kinase-muscle/ brain (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and infarct size in the heart. Results and Conclusion: Naringin treatment significantly reduced the body weight, blood glucose, cholesterol, cardiac injury biomarkers, and LPO level and increased in antioxidant (GSH and SOD) level and also significantly increased in mean arterial pressure heart rate, reduced the myocardial infarction size. The present study concludes that Naringin 50 mg/kg being more prominent action to reduce the cardiotoxicity risk in ischemia-reperfusion injury state and increases myocardial susceptibility through having more prominent antioxidant potential properties.
The Pinus roxburghii Sarg (Pinaceae) is commonly known as chir pine. It is a large tree up to 28-55 m in height. The bark is red-brown, leaves are needle-like, in fascicles of three, very slender, distinctly yellowish green. The P.roxburghii is an economically valuable species, balancing the ecosystem of the Indian mountains. The plant have their own pharmaceutically importance. In traditional system of medicine different parts of the plant have been used for cough, cold, influenza, tuberculosis, bronchitis antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, rubefacient, stimulant and vermifuge. Bark paste is used in burns. Resin is used to relieve cough and gastric troubles. Plant is used as intestinal antiseptic, hypolipidimic, antioxidant property. The present study was undertaken to assess pharmacognostic parameters and phytochemical screnning of bark of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Organoleptic evaluation of bark were done by studying organoleptic features like shape, size,colour, odour, taste and fracture In microscopy the bark was soaking into water filled beaker so that sufficient moistening is obtained for microscopy. In powder microcsopy dried powdered material was obtained by grinding bark and visual under microscope taken at 100x .To evaluate the Physico chemical property the crude dried plant material was subjected to study the various parameters such as extractive value using different solvent pet ether, chloroform, methanol and water, also calculate the percentage yield of moisture content, ash value including acid insoluble, water soluble ash, fluorescence analysis and loss on drying etc were evaluated by using standard procedures. To evaluate the phytochemical screening of extracts the different solvents were used such as Sodium hydroxide, Chloral hydrate, Ferric chloride, Sulphuric acid, Iodine, Lead acetate, Magnesium,
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