Acalypha hispida is a wild flowering herbaceous plant commonly called as Red-hot cat's tail or Monkey tail, belongs to family Euphorbiaceae. It is commonly propagated by stem cuttings, but successful propagation of Acalypha hispida by stem cutting is harder, and even the basic information on these aspects are limited. Hence, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of stem cutting types and growing media on the successful propagation of Acalypha hispida. Four types of stem cuttings (shoot tip, soft wood, semi hardwood and hardwood) and three types of media (pure sand, pure coir dust and 1:1 mixture of sand: coir dust v:v) were used, and the experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 3×4 factor factorial arrangement. Data was analyzed by SAS 9.1.3 software. It was observed that there was a significant (P>0.05) interaction between the cutting types and media used in all the tested parameters except survival rate. All the type of cuttings planted in sand with coir dust showed highest percentage of rooted shoots with well formed root system. Hardwood cuttings planted in pure coir dust and 1:1 ratio of sand: coir dust showed not significant virtuous root weight (0.15g, 0.16g), number of leaves (13.10, 13.43), and shoot length (3.53 cm , 3.34 cm). Cutting types showed significant (P>0.05) in survival and hardwood cuttings showed highest survival rate (80.56%) compared to others. Accordingly, it could be concluded that hardwood cutting as the best material planted in a 1:1 mixture of sand with coir dust and pure coir dust medium can be used to propagate Acalypha hispida plants successfully.
A study was conducted to observe the effect of different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and maturity levels of single node stem cuttings for vegetative propagation of E. ritigalensis. Branches of the plant were treated by 20% Clorox in 20 minutes and rinsed it two times using distilled water. Stems cuttings were grouped into three according to the diameter (20-30 mm, soft wood; 30-40 mm, semi hardwood and 40-50 mm, hardwood).Three different ways of leaves remaining in single node stem cuttings were used; half of single leaf, half double opposite leaves and without leaf. Stem cuttings were treated by IBA (0, 2, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mgL-1) for 15 minutes. Plant propagators were prepared by poly bags (150 gauges) and filled by sterilized coir dust. Thereafter, they were kept in two months and observed the survival rates of cuttings (greenish or not),number of roots, length of the lengthiest root, number of buds and number of leaves per bud. Experiments were arranged in three factor factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with ten replicates. Statistical analysis was performed with Duncan's multiple range test using SAS software (version 9.1.3). It was observed that rooting was at initial stage of all cuttings after one month. Result were showed that the semi hardwood single node stem with half single leaf or double leaves treated by 10 mgL-1 and 15 mgL-1 IBA were best for rooting compare to other all treatments and control, showed 100% survival rate with three buds per cutting.
Seeds of Exacum ritigalensis were taken in Pannala, Sri Lanka and potted in green house at the Department of Agriculture Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. Four pots replicates were conducted on E. ritigalensis plants that were infested with Paracoccusmarginatus and four pots replicates were conducted on E. ritigalensis plants that were infested with Myzus persicae.Two pots were used as controls. Potting medium was taken 1:1:1; sand, compost and topsoil and one E. ritigalensis plants were cared in each pot. At the flowering stage, two adults ofParacoccusmarginatus which were taken from infected papaya plant (Carica papaya) and two aphids which were taken from infected tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum L.) introduced to the every branch of E. ritigalensis plants separately. Data were collected from maturity stage of the flower (after blooming 3days). Data regarding E. ritigalensis flowers diameter reduction were subjected to analysis mean average value and compared with the control. There were no significant difference of flowers which plant attacked by aphids and it was shown the reduction of number of flowers per bunch. Mealybugs and aphids severely damage to E. ritigalensis flower production. Researchers and farmers should have to use control measures to prevent mealybug and ants entering to the plantation.
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