Gossypiboma, a retained foreign body after surgery, is a rare complication. It appears years after surgery, has nonspecific symptoms, and is usually identified on imaging sequences. We present here an asymptomatic case of a 32 years old lady with a history of laparotomy done two years earlier. She was initially misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as hydatid cyst of pelvis. During re-surgery, foreign body was detected. Postoperative period was uneventful. To prevent these types of complications, we have to follow the main principle of surgery in all procedures i.e. ensuring a proper count of surgical materials before and after surgery.

Background: Autism, or autism spectrum disorder, refers to a broad conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. Objectives: To determine the demographic profile of patients diagnosed with ASD, determine the significant prenatal and perinatal risk factors associated with ASD. Results: A total of 116 subjects were included in the study with 58 cases and 58 controls. They belong to the age ranging from 4 to 16 years old. Every case had a confirmed diagnosis of autism at NCH. There was a significant association noted between neonatal jaundice, nulliparity (OR=2.38; 95% CI, 0.85-6.8) and family history of autism (OR=5.30; 95% CI, 1.29-25.1) with ASD. Exposure to x-ray, medical problems, medicine intake and maternal complications during pregnancy were not significantly associated with ASD with OR 0.74; 95% CI, (0.12-4.15), OR 1.00; 95% CI (0.38-2.61), OR1.49; 95% CI, (0.63-3.53), and OR 1.27; 95% CI, (0.28-6.05), respectively. Conclusion: The current study indicates that the only significant predictor of ASD is a family history of autism. However, neonatal jaundice, maternal age of >40 years old, smoking during pregnancy and nulliparity showed a trend towards being risk factors for ASD. None of the other prenatal and perinatal characteristics significantly predicts ASD.

Aims. Adnexal torsion commonly affects reproductive age group females. Prompt diagnosis and early management help in the preservation of fertility. However, its diagnosis is challenging. Preoperative diagnosis can be suspected in only 23–66% of the cases and half of the patients operated for adnexal torsion have different diagnosis. This article thus aims to identify the diagnostic value of preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in adnexal torsion in comparison with other untwisted unruptured ovarian cysts. Methods. This was a retrospective study conducted in the duration of five years from 1st January 2016 to 1st January 2020. The data about demographic parameters, hematological parameters, operative approach, operative technique, and histopathological reports were derived from an electronic database and documented on proforma. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression analysis and influence of each factor on preoperative diagnosis of Adnexal torsion was evaluated. Results. A total of 125 patients were included in the article (adnexal torsion group n = 25, untwisted unruptured ovarian cyst group n = 100). There was no statistically significant difference in comparison to age, parity, and abortion between both groups. Most patients had undergone laparoscopic surgery which was based on surgeon’s skill and preference. Nineteen (78%) patients in the adnexal torsion group underwent oophorectomy while infarcted ovary was seen in only 4 cases. Among the blood parameters, only neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) >3 was found to be statistically significant under logistic regression analysis. Most common adnexal pathology to undergo torsion was serous cyst. Conclusion. Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio can be a predictive marker for diagnosis of adnexal torsion and can differentiate it from untwisted unruptured ovarian cysts.

Chorioangioma of placenta is the commonest benign tumour of the placenta. It consists of a benign angioma arising from chorionic tissue. We report a case of placental chorioangioma which was diagnosed in the post partum period in a patient with polyhydramnios who went into preterm labor and delivered a premature baby. Keywords: chorioangioma;  placenta; polyhydramnios.

Background:The use of laparoscopic surgery in modern gynecology has led to faster recovery, lesser hospital stay, and fewer complications. In this study, we aim to analyze the current trends in laparoscopic surgery, its indications, type of procedure and associated complications. Method:This is a retrospective study done in Grande International Hospital. All patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery over a duration of 5 years from Result:There were a total of 419 laparoscopic surgeries (74 diagnostic, 345 therapeutic) performed. The most common age group of patients for diagnostic laparoscopy was 25-34 years and for therapeutic was 45-54 years. Therapeutic surgery was mostly performed for ovarian cyst (144, 41.74%). There were a total of 152 (44.06%) laparoscopic hysterectomies performed. Complications which occurred during the surgery were insignificant (p<0.01). Conclusion:Laparoscopic surgery has become the most common procedure for gynecological procedures over the years.