In order to utilize the benefits of blackthorn flower polyphenols and provide their stabilization during processing and storage, and to facilitate their application in functional food products, this study aimed to evaluate the encapsulation parameters during the spray-drying process of blackthorn flower extract. The effect of the type of wall material (maltodextrin (MD) and its mixtures with gum arabic (GA) and inulin (IN)), its ratio to extract dry matter (0.5, 1, and 2) and drying temperature (120, 150, and 180 °C) on the concentration of different polyphenolic groups was studied. While the lowest applied amount of wall material at the lowest drying temperature enabled efficient encapsulation of all polyphenolic groups, the type of wall material applied caused significant differences in retention. The highest concentrations of both phenolic acids and flavonoids were achieved with the addition of 25% of GA in MD. Unlike the addition of GA, mixtures of MD with IN did not show a positive effect on the retention of polyphenols. Selected encapsulation parameters ensured the high retention of total phenolics, namely 87.87% of the content determined in the liquid extract prior to spray drying, thereby providing a polyphenol-rich product with great potential for application in functional food and the nutraceutical industry.
Fenilketonurija je najčešća urođena greška u metabolizmu aminokiselina. Nastaje zbog nemogućnosti pretvorbe esencijalne aminokiseline fenilalanina u tirozin, najčešće zbog nedovoljne produkcije ili potpunog nedostatka enzima fenilalaninhidroksilaze uslijed mutacije njenog gena. U većini razvijenih zemalja pa tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj otkriva se obaveznim novorođenačkim probirom. Liječenje se provodi strogo reguliranom doživotnom niskoproteinskom dijetoterapijom. U radu je prikazan slučaj jednogodišnje djevojčice s fenilketonurijom koja je dobro regulirana.
Abstract:Linear programming is a special field of applied mathematics that deals with solving optimization problems while certain conditions or constraints must be fulfilled. Aim of linear programming is to find a solution how to use or allocate a predetermined amount of resources with a predefined objective such as minimum cost, maximum revenue, maximum profit, etc. This paper presents the application of linear programming on the example of minimizing the diet costs. One of the basic human needs is the adequate daily intake of food in the body i.e. diet. In sufficient quantity food ensures the normal functioning of the human body, it gives energy for mental and physical work and raises the immune system. In this paper, the problem of diet is set to minimize the total cost of daily diet while the criteria for daily intake of a sufficient amount of all nutrients required for the normal functioning of the human body must be fulfilled.Carbohydrates, fats and proteins give energy to the human body. Carbohydrates are first consumed, then fat, and only in the cases of starvation body translates carbohydrates into energy. Daily energy needs depend on gender, age, body mass, body height and total daily physical activity. Furthermore, a threeday menus for a group of young and middle-aged people, between 19 and 50, separately for a group of men and women is provided.
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni je od davnina poznati prirodni zaslađivač stanovništa Paragvaja i Brazila, čija se uporaba kao zaslađivača proširila na cijeli svijet. Osim iznimne slatkoće koja potječe od diterpenskih glikozida, prevenstveno steviozida i rebaudiozida, funkcionalnost ovog prirodnog zaslaživača očituje se u izrazito niskoj kaloriskoj vrijednosti tj. nula i u njenom polifenolnom sadržaju. Uporaba listova stevije, zelenog i bijelog praha, te ekstrakta zelenog praha kao zaslađivača u prehrambenoj industiji je sve veća. Prema zakonodavstvu Republike Hrvatske steviol glikozid je dopušteno sladilo i ima broj E 960. Cilj ovog rada je prikupljanje aktualnih saznanja o funkcionalnim bioaktivnim komponentama Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni i pozitvnim učincima njene kozumacije na zdravlje čovjeka iz objavljenih znanstvenih publikacija.
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