the article presents data on the state and prospects of using the Central Russian bee colonies of the highly productive “Orlovsky” type. The features of the source material for breeding, growth characteristics, productivity for honey and wax of bee colonies of geographically remote populations are presented. The scheme of the breeding process and the results of the evaluation of the main biological and economically useful traits at the stages F1-F6 are presented. The principle of organization and functioning of apiaries of bee colonies of a new type is described. The main features of bee colonies of the bred type and recommendations for their use in the area of the Central Russian bee breed are given. The feed-back mechanism in the functioning of apiaries of bee colonies of the bred type is evaluated. The results of the introduction of Central Russian bee colonies and queens of the “Orlovsky” type in the central and northern regions of the Russian Federation are presented.
The paper presents the results of the study of the adaptive behavioral trait of workers of European dark bees' subspecies. The significance of the study is due to the need to decrease the level of aggression of European dark bees and increase its adaptability. The materials of the paper are aimed at revealing the features of the demonstration of aggression of bees during the active period, the degree of its genotypic determination and the possibility of selection for a decrease. The individual selection of bee colonies was used with evaluation of queens for the quality of offspring, which made it possible to reduce the level of aggression of workers by an average of 32.8% over four generations of selection. The materials of the paper showed a positive correlation between the aggression of workers of European dark bees and their honey-producing capacity. The results of the study serve a useful purpose for beekeeping in the central and northern regions, where European dark bee colonies are located.
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