Marine aquaculture in Greece is a relatively new industry based on the culture of aquatic species such as the Mediterranean sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata), and Mediterranean mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis). In the early 1980s, the results of research and development were applied to develop pilot semiacademic commercial farms. Such farms were gradually moved to the industrial scale of today, producing some 80,00-120,000 tons of finfish and up to 25,000-35,000 tons of mussels annually. The problems encountered during the adaptation of innovation to the production and management of this blue revolution is critically discussed from the early developmental phases up to the present.
This research aims to investigate the role of employment protection in affecting the relationship between regional self-employment and unemployment during turbulent times. In doing so, data comprised of 230 regions, nested in 17 EU countries, for the 2008–2015 period were used. When accounting for individual effects, we find that an increase in regional unemployment would decrease regional self-employment, while the opposite was found true for employment protection. When accounting for the cross-level interaction between regional unemployment and national employment protection legislation, however, we find that the underlying increased labor market rigidity not only decreases regional self-employment, but it also magnifies the adverse effect of regional unemployment. Our key results thus indicate that high labor market rigidity hinders self-employment.
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