This paper examines some of the latest trends in the market for electronic commerce that have been unfolding recently in a climate of rapidly evolving information and communications technology. In Russia, this segment of the economy is currently developing at a considerable pace, attracting a great many clients, with online sales posting steady gains, which is having an increasingly greater impact on the nation's economy. The need, eventually, arises to explore in detail the current state and prospects for the development of the domestic e-commerce market. The volume of sales generated online in Russia is expected to only increase going forward, with Internet commerce set to be one of the most promising areas for business development. This has been facilitated by recent boosts in the population's purchasing power and the increasingly overwhelming popularity of Internet commerce. Having said that, there are also several impeding factors hindering the market from growing at full capacity. These include existing restrictions on the distance sale of pharmaceuticals and alcohol, certain legal issues inherent in the sale of jewelry, and the high costs of merchant acquiring services online stores are facing. Cross-border trade continues to outdo the Russian local market in growth. If this imbalance in conditions for the conduct of business persists, there is sufficient likelihood that foreign companies will one day own all of the Russian Internet market.
This paper aims to provide an insight into the foundations of the development of the institution of venture capital financing, as well as summarize and conceptualize the experience of more economically developed countries, where the more favorable conditions have been created for the conduct of venture capital business. The authors' summarization of theoretical, methodological, and empirical data has made it possible to formulate the major issues characteristic of the making of the venture capital sector in countries with a transitive economy (Russia, in particular), as well as propose a set of solutions aimed at optimizing the legal and institutional space in the venture capital sector with a view to boosting the innovation activity of businesses. The authors derive the following major inferences: Venture capital financing is a modern institution whose activity is aimed at accumulating and redistributing temporarily available investment resources that are sought after in the sphere of innovation entrepreneurship; Countries whose economy may currently be recognized as transitive are characterized by a set of uniform issues: underdeveloped infrastructure in the national innovation system; lack of sources of venture capital financing; businesses reporting decreased innovation activity levels due to lack of economic incentives; lack of personnel resources; The evidence from the experience of more economically developed countries suggests that to enable the proper making of the institution of venture capital financing in countries with a transitive economy a set of interrelated objectives may need to be undertaken, namely: ensuring legal optimization; boosting investment attractiveness; altering the nature of partnership between the state, business, and science-and-education sector; reducing state participation in economic and research activity.
The article substantiates that food security and food independence of Russia is accompanied by new internal and external factors. Countermeasures from Russia include quickened import substitution, modernization of agriculture, and investments for increase of efficiency and competitiveness under the conditions of growing economic, social, political, and natural & climatic turbulence. As to foreign policy, these countermeasures include membership in the WTO, integration into the Eurasian Economic Union, globalization of agricultural sphere, foreign sanctions against or limiting food import in Russia, and exchange of partners in export and import. Policy of food security and independence is conducted under the conditions of high inflation and is rather costly. Vectors of food security of Russia are differently directed, though there is economic growth of agriculture. Food security and food independence become a part of national security and independence. Innovational strategy of modernization of agriculture should be considered to be the highest priority of country's development. Increase of support for Russian agriculture from state budget, regional budget, federal and regional programs, and subsidies are especially important.
A m gestrigen Tage sind die am hiichst 3est;itigten Statuten und Etat unserer Hauptsternwarte durch die Senatszeitung promulgirt worden. Ich glaube mir einige Anspriiche auf Ihren Dank zu erwerben , indem ich Ihnen heute schon eine treue deutsche Uebersetzung dieser denkwlirdigen Actenstiicke fiir Ihre Zeitschrift iibersende, die mir Gas passendste Organ zu seyn scheint-, um die Nachricht iiber die Vollendung der grofsartigen Stiftung unseres Monarchen unter den Astrnnomen zu verbreiten. Der liberale Sinn des Reglements , in welchem sich die hohe Achtung fiir die Wissenschaft ausspricht , die unsere Regierung . sclion auf so viel-19. Juni
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