Kratak sadržaj Uvod. Diabetes mellitus je hronično oboljenje povezano sa mnogobrojnim faktorima rizika. Zbog povećanja dugovečnosti stanovništva i sve veće prevalence oboljenja stomatolozi u okviru svakodnevne prakse sve češće leče dijabetesne pacijente. Diabetes mellitus se povezuje sa mnogobrojnim oralnim komplikacijama kao što je infekcija Candidom albicans koja je i najčešća vrsta gljivica koja naseljava sluzokožu usne duplje u dijabetesnih bolesnika. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati učestalost oralne kandidoze u dijabetesnih i nedijabetesnih ispitanika. Materijal i metode. 150 ispitanika uključenih u istraživanje podeljeno je u tri grupe: 50 ispitanika sa diabetes mellitusom tip 1 bili su prva grupa, 50 ispitanika sa diabetes mellitusom tip 2 bili su druga grupa, a 50 ispitanika koji nisu bolovali od diabetes mellitusa činili su treću grupa. Stomatološkim pregledom procenjeno je stanje oralne higijene, parodoncijuma, prisustvo/odsustvo zuba i zubnih proteza u svakog pacijenta. Za vreme pregleda dobijeni su podaci iz anamneze o bolovanju od oralne kandidoze u prethodnih pet godina. Dijagnoza oralne kandidoze u vreme istraživanja postavljena je na osnovu kliničkog nalaza i laboratorijske identifikacije gljivica iz roda Candida. Rezultati. Utvrđeno je statistički značajno manje prisustvo kandidoze i subjektivnog osećaja oralne suvoće u kontrolnoj grupi (p<0.001). Zaključak. Učestalost kandidoze u usnoj duplji statistički je značajno veća u dijabetesnih bolesnika u odnosu na osobe koje ne boluju od dabetes mellitusa. Neophodna su dalja istraživanja i praćenje dijabetesnih bolesnika, kako bi se razjasnila uloga gljivica roda Candida kao dijagnostičkog faktora za diabetes mellitus i značajnog uzroka oboljenja u ovih pacijenata. Ključne reči: diabetes mellitus, oralna kandidoza, oralna suvoća Uvod Diabetes mellitus je hronično oboljenje povezano sa mnogobrojnim faktorima rizika. 1-3 Prisutan je poremećaj metabolizma ugljenih hidrata, masti i proteina izazvan smanjenom sekrecijom i/ili poremećenom aktivnošću insulina.

Salivary gland tumors are neoplasms characterized by a high level of pleomorphism and histological overlap. One tumor may contain several cell types; therefore, it is necessary to include immunohistochemical staining, as well as morphometric analysis of tumor cells as prerequisites for an appropriate diagnosis. Our research included 120 tumors, such as pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, basal cell adenoma, myoepithelioma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, salivary duct carcinoma, polymorphous low-grade carcinoma and myoepithelial carcinoma. The aim of the study was to differentiate benign and malignant tumors based on the characteristics of nuclei. The expression of Ki67 and the morphometric nuclear parameters - area, perimeter, Feret diameter, integrated optical density, circularity, and roundness, were analyzed. It was observed that the Ki67 proliferative index was statistically significantly higher in malignant tumors (P<0.001). Adenoid cystic carcinoma exhibited the highest value, whereas the lowest value was exhibited in basal cell adenoma. Morphometric analysis showed statistically significantly increased values of integrated optical density (P<0.001) and nuclear size parameters (P<0.05) in malignant tumors. The determination of the Ki67 proliferative index and morphometric analysis of the integrated optical density and area can differentiate benign from malignant tumors with high precision. The presented values suggest the obtained results as cut-off values.

SažetakUvod:Tretman bolesnika koji boluju od raka, u smislu hemoterapije i radioterapije, značajno je evoluirao od svog začetka. Obe terapije, naročito ako se koriste u kombinaciji, imaju veoma ozbiljan potencijal da dovedu do neželjenih efekata, koji narušavaju kvalitet života i potencijalno povećavaju mortalitet bolesnika obolelih od raka. Cilj rada:U ovom radu opisan je uticaj radioterapije i hemoterapije na oralna tkiva. Oralne komplikacije koje se posledično javljaju mogu se svrstati u sledeće kategorije: mukozsitis, kserostomija, gljivične, virusne i bakterijske infekcije, disgeuzija, disfagija, profuzno krvarenje, osteonekroza i mišićni trizmus. Zaključak:Budući da je potreban širok spektar preventivnih i kurativnih mera, pojavljuje se potreba za sastavljanjem posebnih timova za brigu o bolesnicima pre, tokom i nakon radioterapije i hemoterapije. Takav onkološki tim trebalo bi imati doktora stomatologije, specijalistu oralne medicine kao aktivnog člana. AbstractIntroduction: Cancer treatment, in terms of chemotherapy and radiotherapy has evolved significantly from its beginning. Both therapies, especially used in combination, had the potential to cause side effects, that potentially decrease in quality of life and lead to increased mortality rate in patients with cancer. The aim:of the study: The effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were described. The oral complications which consequently occurred could be classified into following categories: mucositis, oral dryness, fungal, viral and bacterial infections, disgeusia, disfagio, profuse bleeding, osteonecrosis and muscle trismus. Conclusion: Because of the wide range of preventive and curative measures, it is necessary to create a special team for caring of patients before, during and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In such case, dentist, oral medicine specialists should be an active member of oncology team.

IntroductionCisplatin is one of the most frequently used chemotherapeutics, which is known to cause both tumor and normal lung tissue damage through the generation of free radicals and cells apoptosis/necrosis. Melatonin is a neurohormone that regulates numerous physiological processes in the body both through receptor pathways and by maintaining tissue redox homeostasis.Material and methodsThe extent of rat lung damage induced by cisplatin and the effects of melatonin on this process was determined based on the pathohistological changes and biochemical disturbances in tissue lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl modification and in the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), caspase-3 and DNases.ResultsHistopathological analysis of rat lung tissue obtained from animals that received cisplatin found them to be edematous, with significant deterioration of alveolar epithelium. These morphological changes are accompanied by a significant increase in all studied oxidative stress-related parameters, as well as with the activity of apoptosis-related enzymes. A five-day treatment with melatonin completely prevented a cisplatin-induced increase in oxidative stress-related parameters and in the activity of XO, caspase-3 and alkaline DNase. Also, the histopathological changes observed during microscopic analysis were much less pronounced than in the group that received cisplatin only.ConclusionsThese results can potentially be connected with the ability of melatonin to inhibit the activity of XO, caspase-3 and alkaline DNase and/or its ability to scavenge free radicals, thus preventing lung damage induced by cisplatin.

No abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Antioxidants such as lycopene (LCP) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) represent ideal molecules for the treatment of different reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated disorders. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent, causing an increase in ROS and DNA damage, with numerous side effects, which include lung toxicity. In the presents study, we evaluated and mutually compared the potential of LCP and CAPE in preventing cisplatin-induced rat lung damage. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study was done using pathohistological analysis and a panel of biochemical parameters that reflect lung oxidative tissue damage, inflammation, and apoptosis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The obtained results suggest that cisplatin (10 mg/kg) causes significant disturbances in the lung tissue morphology, followed by an increase in lipid peroxidization and protein modification. Also, a pronounced inflammatory response and cell apoptosis cascade activation was noted. Both LCP and CAPE were able to mitigate the changes, to a different extent, in oxidative damage and apoptosis progression induced by cisplatin. However, they both had limited effect on inflammation since they only prevented an increase in myeloperoxidase activity but had not been able to prevent the NO generation. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> It is hard to be exact in saying whether LCP or CAPE is better in preventing cis­platin-induced lung damage since they obviously possess different mechanisms of action.

No abstract

Introduction. Castleman's disease (CD) or angiofolicullar lymph node hyperplasia is a rare pathologic process characterized by non-neoplastic reactive proliferation of lymphoid tissue. Mimicking clinical and laboratory signs of infection, it could be a great diagnostic problem for an infectologist. Case report. We report a case of a 39-year old man who was initially clinically suspected to have an infectious central nervous system (CNS) affection, having most similar appearance to neurotuberculosis. Malignancy with bone metastases and lymphoma were also among many possible diagnoses. The patient was later histologically confirmed to have Castleman's disease, analyzing the enlarged inguinal lymph node, which was the key point in rejecting the suspicion of malignancy and tuberculosis. By further analyses, the patient was diagnosed to have mixed connective tissue disorder (MCTD). Vasculitis of mesencephalon and thalamus was detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion. CD with CNS involvement is very rare as well as CD with MCTD association, making this case even more unique. This case report underlines the importance of definitive histological diagnosis in patients with lymphadenopathia associated with systemic involvement and the need of additional immunological and radiological examinations, as well.