Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are based on successive material printing layer-by-layer and are considered suitable for the production of dosage forms customized for a patient’s needs. In this study, tablets of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATH) have been successfully fabricated by a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. Initial materials were photoreactive suspensions, composed of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 700 (PEGDA 700), poly(ethylene glycol) 400 (PEG 400), photoinitiator and suspended ATH. The amount of ATH was varied from 10.00 to 25.00% (w/w), and a range of doses from 12.21 to 40.07 mg has been achieved, indicating the possibility of personalized therapy. The rheological characteristics of all photoreactive suspensions were appropriate for the printing process, while the amount of the suspended particles in the photoreactive suspensions had an impact on the 3D printing process, as well as on mechanical and biopharmaceutical characteristics of tablets. Only the formulation with the highest content of ATH had significantly different tensile strength compared to other formulations. All tablets showed sustained drug release during at least the 8h. ATH crystals were observed with polarized light microscopy of photoreactive suspensions and the cross-sections of the tablets, while no interactions between ATH and polymers were detected by FT-IR spectroscopy.
Various three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies have been investigated so far in relation to their potential to produce customizable medicines and medical devices. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of tailoring drug release rates from immediate to prolonged release by varying the tablet thickness and the drug loading, as well as to develop artificial neural network (ANN) predictive models for atomoxetine (ATH) release rate from DLP 3D-printed tablets. Photoreactive mixtures were comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and poly(ethylene glycol) 400 in a constant ratio of 3:1, water, photoinitiator and ATH as a model drug whose content was varied from 5% to 20% (w/w). Designed 3D models of cylindrical shape tablets were of constant diameter, but different thickness. A series of tablets with doses ranging from 2.06 mg to 37.48 mg, exhibiting immediate- and modified-release profiles were successfully fabricated, confirming the potential of this technology in manufacturing dosage forms on demand, with the possibility to adjust the dose and release behavior by varying drug loading and dimensions of tablets. DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction) and microscopic analysis showed that ATH remained in a crystalline form in tablets, while FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that no interactions occurred between ATH and polymers.
Sažetak: Svakodnevno smo svedoci kolektivnog odsustva brige, pažnje, odgovornosti i svesti ljudi prema prirodi i njenim bogatstvima gde je upravo čovek odgovoran za narušavanje ravnoteže u prirodi i ugrožavanje njene bioraznovrsnosti. Očuvanje životne sredine realizacijom sportskih aktivnosti i delovanje u ovoj oblasti neophodno je zbog kontinuiranog i sistematskog ulaganja u razvoj društva kroz aktivno učešće svih ljudskih faktora po pitanju zaštite životne sredine. Sport se smatra jednim od globalnih modela preko koga se može uticati na ljudsku populaciju, a pre svega na omladinu, da probudi svest i napravi promenu u shvatanju značaja i ostvarenja ekoloških ciljeva putem edukacija o načinima zaštite životne sredine kroz konkretne sportske delatnosti. Sport predstavlja korisnu platformu za razvoj društva, neophodnu za zdravlje nacije. Veza između savremenog sporta i očuvanja životne sredine usmerena je ka obezbeđivanju neophodnih uslova kako bi čovek u potpunosti dostigao svoje potencijale, aktivno učestvujući i doprinoseći ne samo sopstvenom razvoju kroz sportske aktivnosti, već i razvoju celokupnog društva realizacijom ekoloških ciljevazadataka u svom okruženju. Sportski događaji i aktivnosti imaju veliki uticaj na okolinu: stvaraju se velike količine otpada, povećava se potrošnja energije i vode, povećava se gužva u saobraćaju, zagađuju se vazduh i voda. Sinergija savremenog sporta i očuvanja životne sredine, predstavlja konkretan mehanizam delovanja u globalnim strategijama ekoloških planiranja i realizacije zadataka u oblasti ekologije i sporta. Takođe, sport je način za promovisanje ideje zasnovane na principu aktivnost -ekologijaodrživost. Predmet ovog istraživanja su trendovi očuvanja životne sredine u savremenom sportu koji se ogledaju u sprovođenju različitih sportskih aktivnosti i konkretnim delovanjem u oblasti sporta ("plogging", izgradnja ekoloških zelenih stadiona i sportskih objekata i dr.). Cilj ovog rada je da se ukaže na širok spektar aktivnosti i realno mogućih načina delovanja u savremenom sportu a koji su neophodni za dostizanje održivosti i očuvanja životne sredine. Kroz planiranje, pripremu, organizaciju i realizaciju aktivnosti i događaja u savremenom sportu pronalaze se raznovrsna rešenja kao neophodan (potreban) model u očuvanju životne sredine i održivosti, usklađenog sa zakonodavnostrateškim okvirima zaštite i unapređenja životne sredine i dostizanju nacionalnih i evropskih ekoloških standarda. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je na ovaj način moguće u velikoj meri uticati na povratak sporta i čoveka prirodi i očuvanju životne sredine realizacijom niza ideja i zadataka, što predstavlja dugoročnu "zelenosportsku misiju" neophodnu i važnu na globalnom nivou za opstanak celokupnog društva.
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