Subsolidus phase relations have been determined in the CdO–InO1.5–SnO2 system at 1175°C. A cubic‐bixbyite solution In2−2x(Cd,Sn)2xO3 (0 < x < 0.34), a cubic spinel solution (1−x)CdIn2O4–xCd2SnO4 (0 < x < 0.75), and an orthorhombic‐perovskite solution Cd1−xSn1−xIn2xO3 (0 < x < 0.045) having the GdFeO3 structure have been discovered. The CdO phase field exists over a small range of InO1.5 (<3%) and SnO2 (<1%). Orthorhombic Cd2SnO4 (Sr2PbO4 structure) and rutile SnO2 appear to be point compounds with negligible solubility. The vertical section between spinel CdIn2O4 and orthorhombic Cd2SnO4 was determined between 900° and 1175°C. The spinel phase field (1−x)CdIn2O4–xCd2SnO4 was found to extend between x= 0 and x= 0.75 at 1175°C or x= 0.78 at 900°C. All of the phases in this system appear to allow small excess quantities of the donors In and/or Sn (vs cation stoichiometry) which may be the source of the electrons that give these oxides their n‐type character. The electrical and optical properties of bulk and thin‐film specimens in this system are compared and contrasted with each other and the relative merits of each are assessed.
<p class="PaperAbstract"><span lang="EN-GB">Yttria stabilized zirconia with a nickel catalyst (Ni-YSZ) is the most developed, widely used cermet anode for manufacturing Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). Its electro-catalytic properties, mechanical durability and performance stability in hydrogen-rich environments makes it the state of the art fuel electrode for SOFCs. During the reduction stage in initial SOFC operation, the virgin anode material, a NiO-YSZ mixture, is reduced to Ni-YSZ. The volume decrease associated with the change from NiO-YSZ to Ni-YSZ creates voids and causes structural changes, which can influence the physical properties of the anode. In this work, the structural, mechanical and electrical properties of NiO samples before and after reduction in pure H<sub>2</sub> and a mixture of 5 vol. % H<sub>2</sub>-Ar were studied. The NiO to Ni phase transformations that occur in the anode under reducing and Reduction-Oxidation (RedOx) cycling conditions and the impact on cell microstructure, strength and electrical conductivity have been examined. Results show that the RedOx treatment of the NiO samples influence on their properties controversially, due to structural transformation (formation of large amount of fine pores) of the reduced Ni. It strengthened the treated samples yielding the highest mechanical strength values of 25.7 MPa, but from another side it is resulting in lowest electrical conductivity value of 1.9×10<sup>5</sup> S m<sup>-1</sup> among all reduced samples. The results of this investigation shows that reduction conditions of NiO is a powerful tool for influence on properties of the anode substrate.</span></p>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.