Background: To evaluate indications for colectomy in T1 polyps and possible risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Methods: Between 2004 and 2017, 40 patients underwent colectomy after endoscopic removal of malignant polyps with T1 carcinoma. Resection was done based on at least one of the unfavourable histopathological criteria. We collected and prospectively studied histopathologic features, short-term results and the benefit-risk balance. Complications were assessed by Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: Twenty-five patients (62.5%) underwent laparoscopic bowel resection. Twentynine patients (63.0%) had more than two unfavourable criteria in the polyp that justified colorectal resection. Thirty-five patients (76%) had G2 (moderately differentiated) cancer, 11 (24%) had G1 (well-differentiated). Five patients (12.5%) had lymph node metastases and one (2.5%) had residual adenocarcinoma. All five patients with lymph node metastasis had G2 cancer. Nine patients (22.5%) had residual adenoma. Overall complications were identified in six (15.0%) patients. Oncologic benefit (or risk factors for lymph node metastasis) was significantly associated with polyp size ≥18 mm (P = 0.006), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.05) and budding (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Female gender, lymphovascular invasion, desmoplastic reaction, criteria for surgery ≥2 and polyp size ≥18 mm were all in complex significant risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer. Acting as a single factor, these variables had no effect to increased risk of metastasis.© 2018 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons ANZ J Surg 88 (2018) E824-E828
TikslasAnkstyvos stadijos storosios ir tiesiosios žarnos vėžio, pašalinto endoskopiniu būdu, tolesnė gydymo taktika priklauso nuo histologinio ištyrimo radinių. Šio tyrimo tikslas yra įvertinti kolektomijos naudos ir rizikos santykį pacientams, kuriems atliktaendoskopinė polipektomija ir histologinio tyrimo metu rasti nepalankūs histologiniai veiksniai.MetodikaĮ šį retrospektyvųjį tyrimą įtraukta 23 pacientai (12 vyrų ir 11 moterų, amžiaus mediana 66 metai), kuriems nuo 2004 m. sausio 1 d. iki 2014 m. vasario 28 d. VUOI buvo atlikta kolektomija po kolonoskopinės piktybinių polipų su T1 vėžiu polipektomijos dėl bent vieno iš šių nepalankių histologinių veiksnių: teigiamas rezekcijos kraštas ar polipas pašalintas dalimis. Pagrindinis tikslas buvo įvertinti onkologinės kolektomijos, atliktos po endoskopinės polipektomijos, naudos ir rizikos santykį. Onkologinėnauda vertinta pagal pacientų, kuriems rasta metastazių limfmazgiuose, skaičių. Rizika vertinta atsižvelgiant į III–IV laipsnio komplikacijų dažnį ir mirtingumą.RezultataiDažniausia piktybinių polipų su T1 vėžiu vieta buvo riestinė žarna – 10 atvejų (43,5 %) ir viršutinis tiesiosios žarnos trečdalis – 9 atvejai (39,1 %). Devyniems (39,1 %) pacientams histologinio tyrimo metu rasta geros diferenciacijos adenokarcinoma (G1),kitiems (14 pacientų iš 23, 60,9 %) – vidutinės diferenciacijos adenokarcinoma (G2). Pagrindinės kolektomijos indikacijos buvo dvi: rezekcijos kraštas ≤1 mm (n=17), rezekcija dalimis (n=7). Daugiausia buvo atlikta tiesiosios žarnos rezekcijų su daline mezorektine ekscizija – 9 (39,1 %). Onkologinė kolektomijos nauda pasiekta dviem pacientams (8,7 %), kurie turėjo metastazių limfmazgiuose. Penkiems pacientams (21,7 %) pasireiškė pooperacinių komplikacijų. Šios komplikacijos nedidino operacinės rizikos, nes pagal Clavien klasifikaciją buvo I–II laipsnio. Mirties atvejų nepasitaikė.IšvadaAtliktus onkologinę kolektomiją dėl nepalankių histologinių veiksnių (teigiamas rezekcijos kraštas ar rezekcija dalimis) po endoskopinės polipektomijos, 8,7 % pacientų rasta metastazių limfmazgiuose, todėl šis retrospektyvusis tyrimas pabrėžiaonkologinės rezekcijos svarbą šių pacientų grupėje.Reikšminiai žodžiai: piktybinis tiesiosios žarnos polipas, endoskopinė polipektomija, limfmazgių metastazėsElective colectomy after colonoscopic polypectomy for unexpected polypoid T1 cancerNikas Samuolis, Narimantas Evaldas Samalavičius, Ugnius Mickys ObjectiveThe treatment of early-stage colorectal cancers removed endoscopically depends on histopathologic findings. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the benefit–risk balance for patients who underwent colectomy after endoscopic polypectomy of a T1 carcinoma with unfavourable histological factors.MethodsFrom January 1st 2004 to February 28th 2014, twenty-three patients (12 men and 11 women, age median 66 years) who underwent colectomy after endoscopic resection of malignant polyps with T1 carcinoma were included in this retrospective study. Specimens resected after endoscopic polypectomy showed at least one of the two unfavorable factors – no free margin or piecemeal resection. The main objective was to assess the benefit–risk balance of oncological resection performed after polypectomy. The oncological benefit was measured by the lymph node metastasis rate, and the risk was measured by the occurrence of severe (grade III–IV) complications or death.ResultsThe most common localisation of T1 cancer was the sigmoid colon (10 cases, 43.5%) and the upper rectum (9 cases, 39.1%). Nine (39.1%) patients had a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1), while others (14 patients from 23, 60.9%) had a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (G2). The main indications for colectomy were the margin of resection ≤ 1 mm (n = 17) and peacemeal resection (n = 7). The most common surgical operation was rectal resection with partial mesorectal excision (9, 39.1%). The oncological benefit of colectomy was reached for two patients (8.7%) who had lymph node metastases. Five patients (21.7%) presented postoperative complications. These complications did not rise surgery risk, because all of them were of I–II grade according to Clavien’s classification. There were no deaths.ConclusionsAmong the patients who underwent oncological colectomy after endoscopic polypectomy for unexpected polypoid T1 cancer with unfavorable histology (no free margin or peacemeal polypectomy) 8.7% had metastases in the lymph nodes; thus, this study suggests the rationale of oncological surgical resection after endoscopic polypectomy for these patients. Key words: malignant colonic polyp, endoscopic polypectomy, lymph node metastases
Purpose. The treatment of early-stage colorectal adenocarcinoma removed endoscopically depends on histopathologic findings. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the benefit–risk balance to patients who underwent colectomy after endoscopic polypectomy of T1 carcinoma with unfavourable histological factors. Methods. Thirty one patients (15 men and 16 women, median age 66 years) who underwent colectomy after endoscopic resection of malignant polyps with T1 carcinoma within the period from 1 January 2004 Vilnius to 11 February 2015 were included in this retrospective study. Specimens resected after endoscopic polypectomy showed at least one of the following unfavourable factors: no free margin or piecemeal resection. The main objective was to assess the benefit–risk balance of an oncological resection performed after the polypectomy. The oncological benefit was measured by the lymph node metastasis rate. The risk was measured by the occurrence of severe complications of grade III–IV or death. Results. The most common localisation of T1 cancer was sigmoid colon – 16 cases (51.6%) and upper rectum – 11 cases (35.5%). 11 (35.5%) patients had well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1), others (20 patients from 31, 64.5%) had moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma (G2). The main indications of colectomy were two: the margin of resection ≤1 mm (n = 23) and piecemeal resection (n = 9). An oncological benefit of colectomy was reached for four patients (12.9%), who had lymph node metastasis. Six patients (19.4%) presented postoperative complications. All of them were of I–II grade according to the Clavien classification. There were no deaths. Conclusions. 12.9% of patients, who underwent oncological colectomy after endoscopic polypectomy for unexpected polypoid T1 cancer with unfavourable histology (no free margin or piecemeal polypectomy), had metastasis in the lymph nodes; thus this study suggests the rationale of an oncological surgical resection after endoscopic polypectomy for these patients.
TikslasAnkstyvos stadijos storosios ir tiesiosios žarnos vėžio, pašalinto endoskopiniu būdu, tolesnė gydymo taktika priklauso nuo histologinio ištyrimo radinių. Šio tyrimo tikslas yra įvertinti kolektomijos naudos ir rizikos santykį pacientams, kuriems atliktaendoskopinė polipektomija ir histologinio tyrimo metu rasti nepalankūs histologiniai veiksniai.MetodikaĮ šį retrospektyvųjį tyrimą įtraukta 23 pacientai (12 vyrų ir 11 moterų, amžiaus mediana 66 metai), kuriems nuo 2004 m. sausio 1 d. iki 2014 m. vasario 28 d. VUOI buvo atlikta kolektomija po kolonoskopinės piktybinių polipų su T1 vėžiu polipektomijos dėl bent vieno iš šių nepalankių histologinių veiksnių: teigiamas rezekcijos kraštas ar polipas pašalintas dalimis. Pagrindinis tikslas buvo įvertinti onkologinės kolektomijos, atliktos po endoskopinės polipektomijos, naudos ir rizikos santykį. Onkologinėnauda vertinta pagal pacientų, kuriems rasta metastazių limfmazgiuose, skaičių. Rizika vertinta atsižvelgiant į III–IV laipsnio komplikacijų dažnį ir mirtingumą.RezultataiDažniausia piktybinių polipų su T1 vėžiu vieta buvo riestinė žarna – 10 atvejų (43,5 %) ir viršutinis tiesiosios žarnos trečdalis – 9 atvejai (39,1 %). Devyniems (39,1 %) pacientams histologinio tyrimo metu rasta geros diferenciacijos adenokarcinoma (G1),kitiems (14 pacientų iš 23, 60,9 %) – vidutinės diferenciacijos adenokarcinoma (G2). Pagrindinės kolektomijos indikacijos buvo dvi: rezekcijos kraštas ≤1 mm (n=17), rezekcija dalimis (n=7). Daugiausia buvo atlikta tiesiosios žarnos rezekcijų su daline mezorektine ekscizija – 9 (39,1 %). Onkologinė kolektomijos nauda pasiekta dviem pacientams (8,7 %), kurie turėjo metastazių limfmazgiuose. Penkiems pacientams (21,7 %) pasireiškė pooperacinių komplikacijų. Šios komplikacijos nedidino operacinės rizikos, nes pagal Clavien klasifikaciją buvo I–II laipsnio. Mirties atvejų nepasitaikė.IšvadaAtliktus onkologinę kolektomiją dėl nepalankių histologinių veiksnių (teigiamas rezekcijos kraštas ar rezekcija dalimis) po endoskopinės polipektomijos, 8,7 % pacientų rasta metastazių limfmazgiuose, todėl šis retrospektyvusis tyrimas pabrėžiaonkologinės rezekcijos svarbą šių pacientų grupėje.Reikšminiai žodžiai: piktybinis tiesiosios žarnos polipas, endoskopinė polipektomija, limfmazgių metastazėsElective colectomy after colonoscopic polypectomy for unexpected polypoid T1 cancerNikas Samuolis, Narimantas Evaldas Samalavičius, Ugnius Mickys ObjectiveThe treatment of early-stage colorectal cancers removed endoscopically depends on histopathologic findings. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the benefit–risk balance for patients who underwent colectomy after endoscopic polypectomy of a T1 carcinoma with unfavourable histological factors.MethodsFrom January 1st 2004 to February 28th 2014, twenty-three patients (12 men and 11 women, age median 66 years) who underwent colectomy after endoscopic resection of malignant polyps with T1 carcinoma were included in this retrospective study. Specimens resected after endoscopic polypectomy showed at least one of the two unfavorable factors – no free margin or piecemeal resection. The main objective was to assess the benefit–risk balance of oncological resection performed after polypectomy. The oncological benefit was measured by the lymph node metastasis rate, and the risk was measured by the occurrence of severe (grade III–IV) complications or death.ResultsThe most common localisation of T1 cancer was the sigmoid colon (10 cases, 43.5%) and the upper rectum (9 cases, 39.1%). Nine (39.1%) patients had a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1), while others (14 patients from 23, 60.9%) had a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (G2). The main indications for colectomy were the margin of resection ≤ 1 mm (n = 17) and peacemeal resection (n = 7). The most common surgical operation was rectal resection with partial mesorectal excision (9, 39.1%). The oncological benefit of colectomy was reached for two patients (8.7%) who had lymph node metastases. Five patients (21.7%) presented postoperative complications. These complications did not rise surgery risk, because all of them were of I–II grade according to Clavien’s classification. There were no deaths.ConclusionsAmong the patients who underwent oncological colectomy after endoscopic polypectomy for unexpected polypoid T1 cancer with unfavorable histology (no free margin or peacemeal polypectomy) 8.7% had metastases in the lymph nodes; thus, this study suggests the rationale of oncological surgical resection after endoscopic polypectomy for these patients. Key words: malignant colonic polyp, endoscopic polypectomy, lymph node metastases
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